The Ultimate HTML and CSS Series Summary Quiz

The Ultimate HTML and CSS Series Summary

• The series teaches all the skills needed to build fast and beautiful websites that look great on all kinds of devices.

• The series assumes no prior knowledge of HTML or CSS.

• The series is divided into three parts: fundamentals, advanced concepts, and building a responsive website for an imaginary cloud hosting company called Mashify.

• The series requires a code editor, such as Visual Studio Code, and two extensions: Prettier Code Formatter and Live Server.

• The series uses Google Chrome as the preferred browser.

• HTML is used to define the building blocks of web pages, CSS is used to style web pages, and JavaScript is used to add functionality to web pages.

• Websites have a front end (what users see and interact with) and a back end (what powers the front end).

• Front-end development involves using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build front-ends.

• Full-stack development involves both front-end and back-end development.

• Popular front-end frameworks and libraries include React, Angular, and Vue.

• Version control systems, such as Git, are used to keep track of project history and work collaboratively with others.

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the language that clients and servers use to talk to each other when exchanging data over the internet.Creating an HTML document involves defining the structure of the web page using HTML elements such as html, head, and body. Headers and responses contain important information such as request URL, request method, content type, and status code. Subsequent requests are made to download resources such as images and fonts referenced in the HTML document. Live server is a development server that automatically refreshes the page when changes are made to the code. CSS is used to style HTML elements, and rules are applied using selectors and declarations. Formatting code is important for readability and can be achieved using the Prettier plugin in VS Code. The DOM or Document Object Model is a representation of the HTML document constructed by the browser. Chrome Dev Tools can be used to inspect and manipulate the DOM, as well as view the styles applied to elements. Enabling the auto-formatting setting in VS Code can save time by automatically formatting the code upon saving changes.HTML and CSS: Inspecting Elements and Validation

• DevTools is a tool that allows front-end developers to inspect and modify the styles and elements of a web page.

• DevTools can be accessed through the browser's developer menu or by using the shortcut "Ctrl+Shift+I" on Windows or "Command+Option+I" on Mac.

• DevTools can be used to modify the styles of an element by changing its values or adding new ones.

• DevTools can also be used to identify where a style has been applied in the code by clicking on the link provided.

• Validation is a process used to identify potential errors in HTML or CSS code.

• The W3C offers a standard markup validation service for HTML that can be accessed through validator.w3.org.

• The HTML validator can be used to identify errors such as missing or incorrect syntax or grammar.

• The HTML validator can also identify best practices such as adding the language attribute or the alt attribute to images.

• The W3C also offers a CSS validator for identifying errors in CSS code that can be accessed through jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/.

• HTML elements for working with text include the p element for displaying text, the m or emphasis element for emphasizing content, and the h1-h6 elements for creating a hierarchy of headings.

• The size of headings should not be used to determine their importance, but rather their placement in the hierarchy of the document.

• HTML entities can be used to display reserved characters in HTML, such as the less than and greater than signs.HTML Entities and Links Summary

HTML Entities:

• HTML entities are special characters that can be used in HTML to display symbols or characters that are not normally available on a keyboard.
• HTML entities can be accessed by using an ampersand followed by the entity name and a semicolon.
• The dev.w3.org website provides a complete list of HTML entities.
• The non-breaking space entity (nbsp) can be used to prevent line breaks between words.
• HTML entities are rarely used and not necessary to memorize.

Links:

• Links in HTML are created using the anchor element (a).
• The href attribute of the anchor element specifies the URL or link target.
• Relative URLs can be used to link to pages within the same website, while absolute URLs are used to link to external websites.
• Images can also be used as links by placing an image element within the anchor element.
• The download attribute can be added to the anchor element to prompt the user to download a file.
• Links can also be used to jump to specific sections on a page by using fragment identifiers.
• An empty fragment identifier can be used to link to the top of a page.
• Links can also be used to send emails by using the mailto attribute.
• The target attribute can be used to specify whether a link should open in a new window or tab.
• Links and hyperlinks are often used interchangeably, but a hyperlink specifically refers to the clickable element that takes the user to the linked page.

Embedding Images:

• Images can be embedded in HTML using the image element (img).
• The source attribute (src) specifies the image file location.
• The alt attribute is used to provide a text description of the image for accessibility and search engine optimization purposes.
• CSS can be used to resize images, but the object-fit property should be used to maintain aspect ratio and prevent distortion.