20 Questions
What event led to the concept of European civilization becoming fundamental in understanding the international order?
Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Waterloo
Which countries were part of the alliance called the Concert of Europe?
United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, and Prussia
What is one of the key aspects of political globalization mentioned in the text?
Rise of civil society organizations
Which international organization is mentioned as an example of political globalization bypassing nation-state boundaries?
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
What is a significant implication of political globalization on traditional national governments?
Challenges from global movements and NGOs
Who were the signers of the Treaty of Westphalia that established the notion of sovereignty and nation-state?
Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, Sweden, Dutch Republic
What principles did Napoleon Bonaparte aim to spread in Europe in contradiction to the Westphalian system?
Liberty, equality, fraternity
What impact did the Napoleonic Code have on the countries conquered by Napoleon's army?
Forbade birth privileges and encouraged freedom of religion
What challenge did Napoleon Bonaparte pose to the traditional powers of Europe?
Spreading revolutionary principles like liberty and equality
What event led to the end of the stability provided by the Westphalian system in Europe?
Napoleonic Wars from 1803-1815
According to Karl Marx, why did he emphasize economic equality over nationalism?
Nationalism causes workers to identify with their own country's capitalists
What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believe would happen in a socialist revolution?
The workers would overthrow the state and change the economy
What was the aim of the Socialist International (SI) formed in 1889?
To unite European socialist and labor parties
What significant achievement of the Socialist International is mentioned in the text?
Establishment of May 1 as Labor Day
Why did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels oppose nationalism in the context of workers' solidarity?
Nationalism hinders the unification of workers worldwide
What key difference in approach to obtaining power for the working class distinguishes the Bolsheviks from the majority of the member parties of the Socialist International?
Belief in global socialist revolutions
Why did Joseph Stalin dissolve the Communist International (Comintern) in 1943 during World War II?
To appease his allies
What led to the reestablishment of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) after World War II?
Takeover of Eastern European countries
What distinguished the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) from its predecessor, the Communist International (Comintern)?
Top-down governance style
Why did liberal internationalism become ascendant post-World War II, leading to the reestablishment of the Socialist International in 1951?
Rise of the United Nations as a center of global governance
Learn about the Treaty of Westphalia signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years’ War in Europe, establishing the concept of sovereignty and nation-states. Discover the major continental powers involved and the implications of this pivotal agreement.
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