29 Questions
What is the main cause of exophthalmia?
Grave's disease and hyperthyroidism
What is the role of erythropoietin?
To increase the production of red blood cells
What stimulates the release of EPO?
Stimuli such as bleeding or high altitudes
What is the function of calcitriol?
To promote absorption of calcium from the diet
What are the symptoms of myxedema?
Low metabolic rate, feeling chilled, puffy eyes, thick and dry skin with hair loss, oedema, tongue swelling, constipation, and enlarged thyroid gland
What is the consequence of deficiency in iodine in diet?
Myxedema
What are the characteristics of cretinism?
Mental retardation, poor physical growth, disproportionate body size, delayed bone maturation and puberty, and infertility
What is the function of calcitonin?
To increase the deposition of calcium in bone matrix and inhibit calcium absorption by the intestine
How many parathyroid glands are there in humans?
Four
What is the main hormone released by the parathyroid glands?
Parathormone
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism.
Where is the thyroid gland located?
The thyroid gland is located on either side of the trachea, inferior to the larynx.
What are the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes.
What are the three active hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland produces triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.
Which hormone is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine (T4) is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.
How many iodine atoms are present in triiodothyronine (T3)?
Triiodothyronine (T3) contains three iodine atoms.
How many iodine atoms are present in thyroxine (T4)?
Thyroxine (T4) contains four iodine atoms.
What stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormones?
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormones.
What are some physiological effects of thyroid hormones?
Thyroid hormones promote basal metabolic rate, enhance glucose catabolism and synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, promote development of the nervous system, act on muscles for development and functioning, promote growth and maturation of the skeleton, and promote normal motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
What is hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is the term applied to an excess of thyroid hormones in the body.
What are the two types of tissues that compose the pancreas?
Exocrine tissue and endocrine tissue
What does the exocrine tissue of the pancreas produce and secrete?
Digestive juice
What are the patches of endocrine tissue in the pancreas called?
Islets Of Langerhans
Which hormones are secreted by the Islets Of Langerhans?
Insulin and glucagon
Which cells in the Islets Of Langerhans secrete insulin?
Beta (g) cells
Which cells in the Islets Of Langerhans secrete glucagon?
Alpha (a) cells
What stimulates the secretion of insulin?
Rise in blood sugar level, such as after a meal
What is the overall effect of insulin in the body?
To reduce blood glucose level to the normal level by increasing the rate of glucose uptake by most body cells, promoting glycogenesis, increasing the use of glucose in cellular respiration, promoting the conversion of excess glucose to fats, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis
What is the role of glucagon in the body?
To increase blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Test your knowledge about the thyroid gland and its hormones in this quiz. Learn about the lobes of the thyroid, hormone production, and the role of thyroxin.
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