The Thyroid Gland
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Questions and Answers

Which type of hormone binds to and activates receptors within cells, causing the synthesis of new proteins that alter cell activity?

  • Proteins
  • Water-soluble hormones
  • Thyroid hormones
  • Steroid hormones (correct)
  • When a hormone is present in excess, what may occur in terms of the number of receptors?

  • Down-regulation (correct)
  • No change
  • Receptors are synthesized
  • Up-regulation
  • Which class of hormones is made from cholesterol?

  • Steroid hormones (correct)
  • Peptides
  • Proteins
  • Epinephrine
  • Which cells in the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin?

    <p>Parafollicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

    <p>Increases blood calcium level and decreases blood phosphate level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

    <p>Beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the contraction of the uterus and the ejection (let-down) of milk from the breasts?

    <p>Oxytocin (OT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates thyroid gland activities?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells in females and testosterone secretion in males?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for secreting melatonin in a diurnal rhythm linked to the dark-light cycle?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces sex hormones related to the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics and normal reproductive functions?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are produced by the ovaries?

    <p>Estrogens and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland secretes hormones related to immunity and promotes the proliferation and maturation of T cells?

    <p>Thymus gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances act as paracrines and autocrines in most body tissues by altering the production of second messengers, such as cyclic AMP?

    <p>Prostaglandins and leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bodily changes are triggered by extreme, unusual, or long-lasting stress that go against the normal mechanisms of maintaining a constant internal environment?

    <p>Stress response syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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