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Questions and Answers
What is the role of the Federal Court of Appeal in Canada?
What is one reason for the dismissive attitudes towards Indigenous populations during Canada's early days?
What is the main function of the Tax Court of Canada?
How many judges make up the Supreme Court of Canada?
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What recent development has the Canadian government embraced concerning Indigenous relations?
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What provision has contributed to individual Indigenous groups' willingness to collaborate with the Canadian government?
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What was the purpose of the Indian Act in relation to Indigenous communities in Canada?
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What was a significant consequence of the implementation of residential schools for Indigenous children?
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What role did Indian Agents play in managing Indigenous affairs under the Indian Act?
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Why was the Potlatch ceremony suppressed by the Canadian government in 1884?
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What were the repercussions of the ban on the Potlatch ceremony in 1884?
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What impact did the Indian Act have on traditional Indigenous territories in Canada?
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Study Notes
The Supreme Court of Canada
- Oversees national law across the country
- Comprises nine appointed judges
The Federal Court System
- Consists of three joined offices: Federal Court of Canada, Federal Court of Appeal, and Tax Court of Canada
- Federal Court of Canada: hears and decides legal disputes related to Federal law in Canada
- Federal Court of Appeal: reviews cases decided by the Federal Court of Canada and the Tax Court of Canada, and deliberates on their validity
- Tax Court of Canada: hears and decides disputes related to taxation laws and the GST
Indigenous Affairs
- The Federal government has a tumultuous relationship with Indigenous groups
- The relationship is complicated, with the Canadian government embracing UNDRIP, but also responsible for RCMP reaction against Indigenous protests
- Individual Indigenous groups are willing to collaborate with the government, but this is also due to the provisions of the Indian Act
Indigenous/non-Indigenous Political History
- Racial attitudes regarding Indigenous populations were dismissive and contemptuous after Confederation
- Indigenous populations were considered less civilized than European populations
- Indigenous spirituality was seen as anti-Christian and antithetical to good, religious conduct
- Indigenous populations were seen as "lost" and required a stern, civilized hand to guide them to progress
The Indian Act
- A document that fundamentally transformed the relationship between Indigenous groups and the non-Indigenous government and communities
- Stripped Indigenous communities of agency, traditional territory, and sovereignty
- Ended nation-to-nation treaty negotiations and concerns
Reservations and Residential Schools
- Indigenous populations were restricted to reserves, areas overseen by the government and its employees
- Indigenous children were sent to residential schools, which were poorly maintained and staffed by individuals who physically and sexually abused children
- Disease, abuse, and neglect led to the deaths of children at residential schools
Indian Agents
- Appointed by the Canadian state to manage reserves during the late 19th and early 20th centuries
- Managed Indigenous government affairs, implemented residential schools, and compiled demographic information
- Suppressed Indigenous religious and spiritual rituals
The Suppression of the Potlatch
- The Potlatch ceremony was an integral and regularly practiced ritual in the Northwest of North America
- A gift-giving ceremony that strengthened political and social ties between groups and families
- Considered by the government as "anti-Christian, reckless, and wasteful of personal property"
- Banned in 1884, with the last major Potlatch occurring in 1921
- The ban was repealed in 1951, but great social damage had already been done
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Description
Learn about the Supreme Court of Canada and its functions, as well as the judicial bodies overseeing national law. Gain insights into Indigenous Affairs and their significance in legal matters.
