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Gr 8 Natural Sciences Term Test 4
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Gr 8 Natural Sciences Term Test 4

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@GreatestTiger

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Questions and Answers

What is the main composition of the Sun?

  • Hydrogen and helium (correct)
  • Oxygen and nitrogen
  • Carbon and oxygen
  • Nitrogen and helium

    • What is the term for the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature and density within the fluid?

  • Nuclear fusion
  • Solar wind
  • Sunspot
  • Convection (correct)

    • What is the process by which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium?

  • Convection
  • Sunspot
  • Nuclear fusion (correct)
  • Solar wind

    • What is the surface temperature of the Sun?

    <p>5500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use safe methods to observe the Sun?

    <p>To avoid permanent eye damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of planets and other celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun?

    <p>Solar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cooler, dark area on the Sun's surface?

    <p>Sunspot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that describes the energy released by nuclear fusion in the Sun?

    <p>E = mc^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Sun's surface composed of?

    <p>A visible layer of dense gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of the solar cycle?

    <p>11 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer atmosphere of the Sun known as?

    <p>Corona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of planet is Mercury?

    <p>Terrestrial planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a planet that is spherical in shape but has not cleared its orbit of other debris?

    <p>Dwarf planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest planet in our solar system?

    <p>Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the asteroid belt located between?

    <p>Mars and Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for icy objects beyond Neptune's orbit?

    <p>Kuiper Belt objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>It has abundant oxygen to sustain life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?

    <p>A massive storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flattened region of a galaxy that contains most of its stars, dust, and gas?

    <p>Galaxy disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central, spherical part of a galaxy that contains older stars?

    <p>Galaxy bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed at which our Solar System travels around the galactic center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the closest star to our Solar System?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a group of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many globular clusters are found in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated distance from the Earth to the Sun?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when viewed from above?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which star is part of a triple star system consisting of Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance between Earth and the Sun in terms of the orbit of Alpha Centauri A and B?

    <p>Eleven times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>To make the numbers more manageable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brightness comparison between Alpha Centauri A and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>Alpha Centauri A is brighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can light travel between Cape Town and Johannesburg in one second?

    <p>214 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which planet has a mantle of water, ammonia, and methane?

    <p>Neptune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from an object one light year away to reach Earth?

    <p>One year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist?

    <p>Habitable zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of Venus?

    <p>464°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the greenhouse effect?

    <p>To trap heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in Earth's average temperature due to human activities?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many conditions are necessary for life to exist on a planet?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of life on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern called?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for stories and traditions associated with the stars and constellations?

    <p>Starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constellation is visible from South Africa and is one of the most famous in the southern sky?

    <p>Southern Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance of the closest star in the Orion constellation from Earth?

    <p>250 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Stellarium software?

    <p>To simulate the night sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer?

    <p>Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mirror in a reflecting telescope that collects light from distant objects?

    <p>Primary Mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are telescopes crucial tools in studying distant stars and galaxies?

    <p>Because they can analyze the light and electromagnetic radiation from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of distortion in which a lens fails to focus all colors to the same convergence point?

    <p>Chromatic Aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for relating to the sky or outer space?

    <p>Celestial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of telescopes?

    <p>To collect more light and magnify the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope collects radio waves?

    <p>Radio Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of space telescopes?

    <p>They can observe the whole sky and provide sharper images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Andromeda galaxy visible as to the naked eye?

    <p>A faint smudge in the sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes?

    <p>The way they focus light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of refracting telescopes?

    <p>They suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) used for?

    <p>To collect light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hubble Space Telescope known for?

    <p>Its detailed images of distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal location for the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)?

    <p>The Karoo near Sutherland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of radio telescopes over optical telescopes?

    <p>They can observe objects in all weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to reach your eyes from a lamp one meter away?

    <p>Three billionths of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far is Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our solar system, from Earth?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many galaxies are in the Universe?

    <p>200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many light years across is the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>100,000 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long would it take to reach the Andromeda Galaxy from the Milky Way if traveling at the speed of light?

    <p>2.5 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the Universe?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of the observable Universe?

    <p>93 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the Sun?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the solar wind?

    <p>To release charged particles into space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do sunspots appear darker than the surrounding areas?

    <p>They are cooler than the surrounding areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does energy generated in the Sun's core reach the surface?

    <p>Through radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Einstein's equation E = mc^2 in relation to the Sun?

    <p>It describes the energy released by nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Sun's surface composed of?

    <p>Mostly hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Sun's role in the solar system?

    <p>It is a star at the center of the solar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use safe methods to observe the Sun?

    <p>To avoid permanent eye damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the greenhouse effect?

    <p>To trap heat and maintain moderate temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of Earth?

    <p>15°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist?

    <p>Habitable zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of life on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why Earth is able to support life?

    <p>Its position within the habitable zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in Earth's average temperature due to human activities?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the planet known for its intense storms and strong winds?

    <p>Neptune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many conditions are necessary for life to exist on a planet?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the galaxy that contains our Solar System?

    <p>Milky Way Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of stars visible to the naked eye from Earth on a clear night?

    <p>Thousands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the closest star to our Solar System, located in the Alpha Centauri star system?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for regions of a spiral galaxy that extend outward from the center and contain younger stars and nebulae?

    <p>Spiral Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate speed at which our Solar System travels around the galactic center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many globular clusters are found in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when viewed from above?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of terrestrial planets?

    <p>Solid, rocky surfaces with metallic cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for solar flares?

    <p>The Sun's magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the SOHO space satellite?

    <p>To safely study the Sun's surface and corona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brightest star among the Pointers?

    <p>Alpha Centauri A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between terrestrial and gas giant planets?

    <p>Size and composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of using units based on the speed of light?

    <p>To simplify the measurement of vast distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for objects that are spherical in shape but have not cleared their orbit of other debris?

    <p>Dwarf planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Sun's surface that makes it visible to us?

    <p>Its dense, opaque gas layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far is Proxima Centauri from Earth?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of the solar system where asteroids are primarily found?

    <p>Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 11-year cycle of solar activity and energy output?

    <p>Solar cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Jupiter's atmosphere?

    <p>It is thick and composed of hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the Sun's gravity keeps the planets in orbit?

    <p>Gravitational pull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can light travel between Cape Town and Johannesburg in one second?

    <p>214 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for measuring distances between stars and galaxies?

    <p>Light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from Proxima Centauri to reach Earth?

    <p>Just over four years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a large collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the observable Universe?

    <p>93 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many main types of galaxies are there?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of galaxies in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel one meter?

    <p>Three billionths of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the totality of all space, time, matter, and energy?

    <p>Universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long would it take to reach Andromeda from the Milky Way if traveling at the speed of light?

    <p>2.5 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the constellation that is one of the most famous in the southern sky?

    <p>Southern Cross (Crux)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a telescope in astronomy?

    <p>To gather and magnify the light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for stories and traditions associated with the stars and constellations?

    <p>Starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the free, open-source program that generates a realistic, real-time 3D simulation of the night sky?

    <p>Stellarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the main mirror in a reflecting telescope that collects light from distant objects?

    <p>Primary Mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of distortion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point?

    <p>Chromatic Aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the stars and celestial objects?

    <p>Astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Light Year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing the night sky?

    <p>To familiarize oneself with constellations and their patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of telescopes?

    <p>To collect and magnify light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope collects radio waves?

    <p>Radio Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of refracting telescopes?

    <p>They suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) located?

    <p>In the Karoo near Sutherland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed with space telescopes that cannot be observed with optical telescopes?

    <p>X-rays, ultraviolet, and infrared light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of space telescopes over optical telescopes?

    <p>Sharper images due to the absence of atmospheric distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the primary mirror in reflecting telescopes?

    <p>To collect and focus light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using radio telescopes?

    <p>Can be used in all weather conditions and during both day and night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hubble Space Telescope?

    <p>To observe electromagnetic radiation blocked by Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal location for a telescope like SALT?

    <p>In a location with low light pollution, high elevation, and dry conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the energy released by nuclear fusion in the Sun's core?

    <p>To warm the Sun's surface and radiate into space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the Sun appear as a small, bright point of light in the night sky?

    <p>Because it is too far away to be seen clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the Sun's core?

    <p>Hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that drives the movement of fluid in the Sun's interior?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature difference between the Sun's core and surface?

    <p>14,500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nuclear fusion in the Sun's core?

    <p>The formation of helium from hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sunspots cooler than the surrounding surface?

    <p>Due to magnetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using safe methods to observe the Sun?

    <p>To prevent permanent eye damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of a galaxy that contains most of its stars, dust, and gas?

    <p>Galaxy disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does the Sun complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>Every 225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the closest star to our Solar System?

    <p>Proxima Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when viewed from above?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average speed of our Solar System as it travels around the galactic center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the regions of a spiral galaxy that extend outward from the center and contain younger stars and nebulae?

    <p>Spiral arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central, spherical part of a galaxy that contains older stars?

    <p>Galaxy bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason sunspots appear to move?

    <p>The Sun's rotation on its axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the celestial bodies that orbit the Sun and are spherical in shape but have not cleared their orbits of other debris?

    <p>Dwarf planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes terrestrial planets from gas giants?

    <p>Composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following planets has a unique atmosphere with abundant oxygen to sustain life?

    <p>Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the small, rocky objects primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter?

    <p>Asteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the planet Mars that gives it its distinctive appearance?

    <p>Iron-rich surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the notable feature of the planet Saturn?

    <p>Stunning ring system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the icy objects beyond Neptune's orbit, including dwarf planets like Pluto and Eris?

    <p>Kuiper Belt objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of Venus' rotation?

    <p>It rotates in the opposite direction to most planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the celestial objects that originate from the Kuiper Belt or the Oort Cloud and develop visible tails when they approach the Sun?

    <p>Comets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the position of Earth in the solar system?

    <p>It is situated in the habitable zone of the solar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of Mars?

    <p>-63°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist?

    <p>Habitable Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increase in Earth's average temperature due to human activities?

    <p>Global Warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the greenhouse effect?

    <p>To trap heat and keep the planet warm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many conditions are necessary for life to exist on a planet?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of life on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which planet has a mantle of water, ammonia, and methane?

    <p>Neptune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern called?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for stories and traditions associated with the stars and constellations?

    <p>Starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the constellation visible from South Africa, known for the three stars that form its belt?

    <p>Orion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer?

    <p>Telescope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance between Earth and the Sun in terms of the orbit of Alpha Centauri A and B?

    <p>11 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from an object one light year away to reach Earth?

    <p>One year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mirror in a reflecting telescope responsible for?

    <p>Collecting light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Stellarium program?

    <p>To simulate the night sky and locate constellations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the closest star to the constellation Orion?

    <p>Bellatrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point?

    <p>Chromatic Aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>To simplify the measurement of vast distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing the night sky?

    <p>To identify constellations and their cultural significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brightest star among the Pointers?

    <p>Alpha Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for relating to the sky or outer space?

    <p>Celestial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance between Alpha Centauri A and B?

    <p>11 times the distance between Earth and the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time it takes for light to reach your eyes when you switch on a lamp one meter away?

    <p>Three billionths of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance of the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of the observable Universe?

    <p>93 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of galaxy that the Milky Way is classified as?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance of the Andromeda Galaxy from the Milky Way?

    <p>2.5 million light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the Universe?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the totality of all space, time, matter, and energy?

    <p>Universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a telescope?

    <p>To capture and focus light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using mirrors in reflecting telescopes?

    <p>They do not suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation can be detected by radio telescopes?

    <p>Radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of placing telescopes in space?

    <p>They can observe the whole sky and provide sharper images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)?

    <p>The Karoo near Sutherland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes?

    <p>The way they collect and focus light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the objective lens in a refracting telescope?

    <p>To collect and focus light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of refracting telescopes?

    <p>They suffer from chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a hexagonal primary mirror in the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)?

    <p>It allows for a larger collecting area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the array of radio telescopes located in the Northern Cape?

    <p>MeerKAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of helium in the Sun's composition?

    <p>27%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature of sunspots on the Sun's surface?

    <p>3900°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that converts mass into energy in the Sun?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for energy generated in the Sun's core to reach its surface?

    <p>17,000 to 100,000 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stream of charged particles released from the Sun's upper atmosphere?

    <p>Solar wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why the Sun appears as a small, bright point of light in the night sky from a distance?

    <p>Due to the distance from Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature and density within the fluid in the Sun?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central, luminous part of the Sun where nuclear fusion takes place?

    <p>The core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT a feature of gas giants?

    <p>They are smaller in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the Sun's powerful gravitational pull on the planets and other objects in the solar system?

    <p>Its immense mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of terrestrial planets?

    <p>They are composed mainly of gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region of a planet's atmosphere where the temperature increases with altitude?

    <p>Stratosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Kuiper Belt object?

    <p>Eris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outer atmosphere of the Sun that releases gas particles into space?

    <p>Corona.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asteroids?

    <p>They are composed mainly of gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the Sun's energy is transferred to the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Insolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following planets has the most moons in the solar system?

    <p>Jupiter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why Earth is able to support life?

    <p>Its location within the habitable zone of the solar system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the visible layer of dense gas on the Sun's surface?

    <p>Photosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, keeping the planet warm?

    <p>The Greenhouse Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of life on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist?

    <p>The Habitable Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of Mars?

    <p>-63°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in Earth's average temperature due to human activities?

    <p>Global Warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

    <p>To produce food through sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>A Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Venus in relation to Earth in the solar system?

    <p>Between Earth and Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance between Earth and the Sun in AU?

    <p>1 AU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when viewed from the side?

    <p>A giant fried egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bright band of light visible in the night sky?

    <p>The Milky Way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>950 quadrillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the regions of a spiral galaxy that extend outward from the center and contain younger stars and nebulae?

    <p>Spiral Arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the arm in which our Sun is situated?

    <p>Orion Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dark wisps in the bluish regions filled with dust, gas, and hot young stars?

    <p>Dust Lanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the group of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the triple star system consisting of Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>Alpha Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of globular clusters found in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance between the Earth and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light Hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance between Alpha Centauri A and B in terms of the distance between Earth and the Sun?

    <p>11 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>To make the numbers more manageable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from an object one light year away to reach Earth?

    <p>1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brightness comparison between Alpha Centauri A and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>Alpha Centauri A is brighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can light travel between Cape Town and Johannesburg in one second?

    <p>214 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light Minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following constellations is NOT visible in the southern sky?

    <p>Ursa Major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of distortion in which a lens fails to focus all colors to the same convergence point?

    <p>Chromatic Aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a telescope?

    <p>To study distant stars and galaxies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the free, open-source program that generates a realistic, real-time 3D simulation of the night sky?

    <p>Stellarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stars is the closest to the constellation Orion?

    <p>Bellatrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stories and traditions associated with the stars and constellations?

    <p>Starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the activity 'Research Activity: Discovering Starlore'?

    <p>To understand the cultural significance of traditional starlore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the primary mirror in a reflecting telescope?

    <p>To collect light from distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>To simplify the calculation of vast distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a curved primary mirror in a reflecting telescope over a convex lens in a refracting telescope?

    <p>A large mirror is easier to produce and does not suffer from chromatic aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of placing a telescope in space?

    <p>To observe electromagnetic radiation blocked by the Earth's atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a radio telescope over an optical telescope?

    <p>It can observe objects in all weather conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the eyepiece lens in a refracting telescope?

    <p>To magnify the image formed by the objective lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the largest optical telescope in the southern hemisphere?

    <p>The Southern African Large Telescope (SALT).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of telescope is used to detect radio waves from distant objects?

    <p>Radio telescope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a space telescope over an optical telescope?

    <p>It can provide sharper images due to the absence of atmospheric distortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of using a refracting telescope?

    <p>It is difficult to correct chromatic aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the MeerKAT array?

    <p>To detect radio waves from distant objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using an optical telescope over a radio telescope?

    <p>It can observe objects in the visible spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>4.24 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated diameter of the observable Universe?

    <p>93 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the universe?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy?

    <p>2.5 million light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light to travel from Proxima Centauri to Earth?

    <p>4.24 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vast empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average distance across the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>100,000 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

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