7 Questions
During the Age of Horticulture/Neolithic period, local communities started to go beyond mere craft and art began to have decorative elements, meaning, and context. This period spanned from 6185 to 4400 BC.
Metal Age
The Spanish Colonial Art Period introduced formal painting, sculpture, and architecture inspired by Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo art styles. Most artworks during this period were religious (Catholic) based.
Augustine Church
Spanish colonialism in the Philippines influenced the design of 'antique' furniture and carvings.
Intramuros Manila
The formation of the elite Filipino class, the illustrado, allowed rich locals to study abroad and learn a more 'academic' and 'western' style of art.
Religious Sculpture
During the American Colonial Art Period (1898-1946), art education and value formation were brought in following the 'American way of life'.
Neo-Classicism
Art illustration, advertising, and commercial design gained popularity during the American Colonial Art Period and were incorporated into Fine arts.
Romanticism
Painting themes during the American Colonial Art Period largely favored genre paintings, landscapes, and still life. Portraits were reserved for high-ranking officials with a more academic approach to make the subject more formal.
Impressionism
Study Notes
The Origin and Meaning of Humanities
- The term "humanities" originated from the Renaissance Latin expression "studia humanitas," which refers to culture, refinement, and education.
Meaning and Importance of Art
- Art is a subjective concept because people differ in their perception of an object or thing.
- Various definitions of art:
- Art is derived from the Latin word "ars," meaning ability or skill (J.V. Estolas).
- Art is taken from the Italian word "artis," which means craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form, inventiveness, and the associations that exist between form and ideas, between material and technique (A.Tan).
- Art is a product of man's need to express himself (F. Zulueta).
- Art is concerned with the communication of certain ideas and feelings by means of sensuous mediums, such as color, sound, bronze, marble, words, and film (S. Sanchez).
- Art is that which brings life into harmony with the world (Plato).
- Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind that demands satisfaction and fulfillment, shaping matter into new and more significant forms (John Dewey).
Meaning and Importance of Arts Appreciation
- Arts appreciation can be defined as:
- The ability to interpret and understand human-made arts and enjoy them through actual work experience with art tools and materials.
- The possession of the works of art for one's admiration and satisfaction.
- The knowledge and understanding of the general and everlasting qualities that classify all great arts.
- Famous personalities on art appreciation:
- Studying the arts in college prepares one for a lifetime of pleasure and appreciation of being open to new experiences and becoming a lifelong learner (Barbara Ernst Prey, artist and member of the National Council on the Arts).
- Our nation's future may depend on our creativity and our ability to understand and appreciate the cultures around the world as much as our proficiency in reading and math (Cornell University President David Skorton).
- Art can serve as a symbol for something that is tangible, or for a thought, an emotion, a feeling, or a concept (Archiologist Nicholas Conrad).
Art History
- Refers to the historical development and stylistic context of the objects of art that includes the major and minor arts.
- Timeline of Western Art:
- Classical Art (e.g., The Discobolus by Myron, c. 460-450 BCE)
- Medieval Art (e.g., The Bayeux Tapestry, c. 1070s CE)
- Byzantine Art (e.g., Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, 537 CE)
- Romanesque Art (e.g., The Abbey Church of Saint-Foy, c. 1050-1130 CE)
- Renaissance Art (e.g., The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1495-1498 CE)
- Baroque Art (e.g., The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1647-1652)
- Rococo Art (e.g., The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, 1767 CE)
- Neoclassicism Art (e.g., The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David, 1793 CE)
- Romanticism Art (e.g., Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David, 1818 CE)
- Realism Art (e.g., Olympia by Edouard Manet, 1863 CE)
- Impressionism Art (e.g., Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet, 1872 CE)
- Modernism Art (e.g., Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Pablo Picasso, 1907 CE)
- Postmodernism Art (e.g., Untitled (Your Gaze Hits the Side of My Face) by 1981 CE)
History of Philippine Art
- Timeline of Philippine Art:
- Precolonial Art Period (6185 to 4400 BCE, 13190 to 190 BCE, 200 BCE to 1000 BCE)
- Spanish Colonial Art Period (e.g., Augustine Church, Moro-Moro, Religious Sculpture, Intramuros Manila)
- American Colonial Art Period (e.g., The American brought in education and value formation, with both following the "American way of life")
Visual Elements and Medium
- Visual elements:
- Line
- Value
- Color
- Texture
- Shape
- Composition
- Movement
- Choice of medium and technique:
- In contemporary art, the medium enters more into the meaning of the work.
- Format of the work:
- The very format of the work participates in its meaning, and in contemporary art, format is no longer purely conventional but becomes laden with meaning.
Explore the origin and meaning of humanities, as well as the significance and various definitions of art. Learn about the cultural aspects and education tied to humanities, and how art is a subjective subject under the umbrella of humanities.
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