The Story of Coffee

History of Coffee

• Originated in Ethiopia over 1,000 years ago
• Legend says a goatherd named Kaldi discovered coffee after noticing his goats became more energetic after eating coffee cherries
• Spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula in the 15th century
• Introduced to Europe in the 17th century, where it became popular in coffeehouses

Coffee Plant

• Coffee plants are evergreen shrubs that belong to the genus Coffea
• There are over 100 species, but only two are widely cultivated: Arabica (70%) and Robusta (30%)
• Coffee plants require a subtropical climate with high altitudes and well-defined wet and dry seasons

Coffee Bean Production

• Coffee beans are harvested from coffee cherries, which contain two seeds (beans)
• Beans are processed using one of two methods: washed or natural
• Washed process removes the skin and pulp, while natural process leaves it intact
• Beans are then dried, hulled, and sorted by size and quality

Coffee Roasting

• Roasting transforms the green coffee beans into the brown, aromatic coffee we drink
• Roast levels range from light to dark, affecting flavor and aroma
• Light roasts have more acidity and fruit notes, while dark roasts have more body and bitterness

Coffee Brewing

• Brewing methods include drip, French press, espresso, pour-over, and cold brew
• Each method yields a unique flavor profile and texture
• Factors affecting flavor include coffee-to-water ratio, water temperature, and brewing time

Coffee and Health

• Moderate coffee consumption (3-4 cups/day) may have health benefits:
  • Improves cognitive function and alertness
  • Lowers risk of type 2 diabetes and certain cancers
  • May reduce mortality rate
• Excessive consumption can lead to negative effects:
  • Insomnia and anxiety
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Dehydration and stomach upset