The Spread of the Crusades
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Questions and Answers

Match the military historian with their description of Roman military culture:

Historian Luttwak = Describes Roman military capability as based on a 'thin linear perimeter' Peter Heather = Compares Roman military culture to the Marines, but 'much nastier' Titus Flavius Josephus = Describes the Roman people as if they were 'born readily armed' Unknown = States that Roman troops were armed after Greek and Etruscan models

Match the event with its year:

Sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade = 1204 CE Recapture of Jerusalem = 1099 CE Debilitation of the Byzantine Empire leading to little resistance to Ottoman Turks = 1453 CE Start of the Napoleonic Wars = Unknown

Match the entity with the gained supremacy over Hohenstaufen emperors:

The Papacy = Gained supremacy over Hohenstaufen emperors Roman military = Maintained an active fighting force at or beyond its military frontiers European powers during Fourth Crusade = Appropriated art and religious relics Ottoman Turks = Offered little resistance to due to the debilitation of the Byzantine Empire

Match the type of shield used by Roman troops with its description:

<p>Large oval shields = Used by Roman troops Small round shields = Not mentioned for Roman troops Long pikes = Used by Roman troops after Greek and Etruscan models Short swords = Not mentioned for Roman troops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following wars with their corresponding years:

<p>Invasion of Russia = 1812 World War I = 1914-1918 Civil War = 1861 World War II = 1939-1945</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following military figures with their roles:

<p>Napoleon Bonaparte = Emperor of the French Sun Tzu = Chinese general and military strategist General Douglas MacArthur = Accepted Japan's formal surrender</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>The Art of War = Philosophy of war for managing conflicts and winning battles MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE = Used for correspondence between elements of an organization SUMMARY DISPOSITION FORM (SDF) = Staff paper used to secure commanders approval of recommended actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following margin measurements with their descriptions:

<p>Top and right Margin (first page) = 0.75 or 3/4 inch Top Margin (succeeding page) = 1.25 or 1 1/4 inches Bottom and left Margin = 1.25 or 1 1/4 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rules with their guidelines:

<p>15-15-1-2 rule = Writing should not have more than 15 percent long words 2R/S Spacing between paragraphs = Spacing between paragraphs guideline</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following paper requirements with their limits:

<p>Paragraph depth = Not be more than 1-inch deep Paper length = Not over 2 pages long</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Crusades and Their Impact

  • The First Crusade's success led to the Papacy gaining supremacy over the Hohenstaufen emperors.
  • The Fourth Crusade resulted in the sacking of Constantinople in 1204 CE and the appropriation of art and religious relics by European powers.
  • The recapture of Jerusalem was a key geopolitical result of the Crusades, achieved in 1099 CE.
  • The Crusades also led to the debilitation of the Byzantine Empire, making it vulnerable to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE.

Roman Military Culture

  • The Roman military capability was based on maintaining an active fighting force at or beyond its military frontiers.
  • Roman troops were armed after Greek and Etruscan models, using large oval shields and long pikes.
  • Roman military culture was described as "just like the Marines, but much nastier" by historian Peter Heather.

Napoleon and the Wars

  • The Napoleonic Wars were fought during Napoleon Bonaparte's rule over France from 1804.
  • The Invasion of Russia is also known as the War of 1812.

Military Strategy and Philosophy

  • Sun Tzu, a Chinese general and military strategist, is credited with authoring The Art of War.
  • The Art of War presents a philosophy of war for managing conflicts and winning battles.

American Wars and Correspondence

  • The Land War, also known as the Civil War, resulted in enormous death and significance.
  • World War I took place from 1914 to 1918, and World War II from 1939 to 1945.
  • General Douglas MacArthur accepted Japan's formal surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
  • Military Correspondence guidelines include specific margins, sentence length, and paragraph depth.

Military Forms and Correspondence

  • The Disposition Form is used for correspondence between elements of an organization.
  • The Summary Disposition Form (SDF) is a staff paper used to secure commanders' approval of recommended actions.

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Explore the historical context and influences of the spread of the Crusades, including the success of the First Crusade, the role of the Papacy, and military capabilities of Rome. Understand how these factors contributed to shaping the European landscape during the Crusades period.

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