Immunology 201
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immune response is always present and provides the same response every time, regardless of the pathogen?

  • Secondary response
  • Primary response (correct)
  • Specific response
  • Non-specific response

    • What are the two types of response in the non-specific immune system?

  • Mediated and chemical responses
  • Non-specific and specific responses
  • Physical and chemical responses
  • Primary and secondary responses (correct)

    • Which immune system is further broken down into primary and secondary responses?

  • Non-specific immune system (correct)
  • Innate immune system
  • Specific immune system
  • Adaptive immune system

    • Which immune response is mediated by certain immune cells and chemicals?

    <p>Secondary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the secondary non-specific immune response?

    <p>It recognizes specific pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary defense of the body?

    <p>Runny nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a secondary defense of the immune system?

    <p>Proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immune cells engulf or ingest pathogens?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins act like antibiotics and help to destroy bacterial cells?

    <p>Host defense proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle called?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cell engulfs pathogens and signals to other immune cells that a pathogen is present?

    <p>Macrophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specific molecules recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and Damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for recognizing and eliminating specific pathogens in the immune system?

    <p>B-cells and T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an immunogen and an antigen?

    <p>An immunogen stimulates an immune response, while an antigen is recognized by the immune system but does not necessarily stimulate a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an epitope?

    <p>A specific molecular pattern or sequence on an immunogen that is recognized by the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many epitopes does the given immunogen have?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?

    <p>PRRs are activated by the binding of PRRs and PAMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MyD88 in the activation of IRAK4?

    <p>MyD88 phosphorylates IRAK4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about NFkB?

    <p>NFkB triggers inflammation by activating cytokine expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TNF R2?

    <p>TNF R2 is a receptor for TNF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokines?

    <p>Cytokines are small proteins that are coded for by a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the non-specific immune response?

    <p>To recognize, respond, and eliminate the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells recognize pathogens through interactions of their pattern recognition receptors (PRR) with the pathogen's pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)?

    <p>Macrophages and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary non-specific immune response?

    <p>A response that is always present and provides the same response every time regardless of the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is the least immunogenic according to the text?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of increasing immunogenicity of the listed molecules?

    <p>Nucleic acids, lipids, complex carbohydrates, proteins, small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules requires association with a larger molecule to be immunogenic?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are frequently used for vaccines or to trigger the creation of antibodies?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the immunogenicity of a protein when a carbohydrate is added to it?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are so small that they are not recognized by the immune system?

    <p>Small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

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