30 Questions
Which type of immune response is always present and provides the same response every time, regardless of the pathogen?
Primary response
What are the two types of response in the non-specific immune system?
Primary and secondary responses
Which immune system is further broken down into primary and secondary responses?
Non-specific immune system
Which immune response is mediated by certain immune cells and chemicals?
Secondary response
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the secondary non-specific immune response?
It recognizes specific pathogens
Which of the following is a primary defense of the body?
Runny nose
Which of the following is NOT a secondary defense of the immune system?
Proteases
Which of the following immune cells engulf or ingest pathogens?
Macrophages
Which type of proteins act like antibiotics and help to destroy bacterial cells?
Host defense proteins
What is the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle called?
Phagocytosis
Which type of immune cell engulfs pathogens and signals to other immune cells that a pathogen is present?
Macrophage
What are the specific molecules recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells?
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and Damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
Which cells are responsible for recognizing and eliminating specific pathogens in the immune system?
B-cells and T-cells
What is the difference between an immunogen and an antigen?
An immunogen stimulates an immune response, while an antigen is recognized by the immune system but does not necessarily stimulate a response.
What is an epitope?
A specific molecular pattern or sequence on an immunogen that is recognized by the immune system.
How many epitopes does the given immunogen have?
4
Which of the following is true about pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?
PRRs are activated by the binding of PRRs and PAMPs
What is the role of MyD88 in the activation of IRAK4?
MyD88 phosphorylates IRAK4
Which of the following is true about NFkB?
NFkB triggers inflammation by activating cytokine expression
What is the function of TNF R2?
TNF R2 is a receptor for TNF
Which of the following is true about cytokines?
Cytokines are small proteins that are coded for by a gene.
What is the function of the non-specific immune response?
To recognize, respond, and eliminate the pathogen.
Which cells recognize pathogens through interactions of their pattern recognition receptors (PRR) with the pathogen's pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)?
Macrophages and neutrophils
What is the primary non-specific immune response?
A response that is always present and provides the same response every time regardless of the pathogen.
Which of the following molecules is the least immunogenic according to the text?
Lipids
What is the order of increasing immunogenicity of the listed molecules?
Nucleic acids, lipids, complex carbohydrates, proteins, small molecules
Which type of molecules requires association with a larger molecule to be immunogenic?
Proteins
Which molecules are frequently used for vaccines or to trigger the creation of antibodies?
Proteins
What happens to the immunogenicity of a protein when a carbohydrate is added to it?
It increases
Which molecules are so small that they are not recognized by the immune system?
Small molecules
N/A
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