Immunology 201

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Questions and Answers

Which type of immune response is always present and provides the same response every time, regardless of the pathogen?

  • Secondary response
  • Primary response (correct)
  • Specific response
  • Non-specific response

What are the two types of response in the non-specific immune system?

  • Mediated and chemical responses
  • Non-specific and specific responses
  • Physical and chemical responses
  • Primary and secondary responses (correct)

Which immune system is further broken down into primary and secondary responses?

  • Non-specific immune system (correct)
  • Innate immune system
  • Specific immune system
  • Adaptive immune system

Which immune response is mediated by certain immune cells and chemicals?

<p>Secondary response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the secondary non-specific immune response?

<p>It recognizes specific pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary defense of the body?

<p>Runny nose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a secondary defense of the immune system?

<p>Proteases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immune cells engulf or ingest pathogens?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins act like antibiotics and help to destroy bacterial cells?

<p>Host defense proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle called?

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cell engulfs pathogens and signals to other immune cells that a pathogen is present?

<p>Macrophage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific molecules recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells?

<p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and Damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for recognizing and eliminating specific pathogens in the immune system?

<p>B-cells and T-cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an immunogen and an antigen?

<p>An immunogen stimulates an immune response, while an antigen is recognized by the immune system but does not necessarily stimulate a response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an epitope?

<p>A specific molecular pattern or sequence on an immunogen that is recognized by the immune system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many epitopes does the given immunogen have?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?

<p>PRRs are activated by the binding of PRRs and PAMPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MyD88 in the activation of IRAK4?

<p>MyD88 phosphorylates IRAK4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about NFkB?

<p>NFkB triggers inflammation by activating cytokine expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of TNF R2?

<p>TNF R2 is a receptor for TNF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cytokines?

<p>Cytokines are small proteins that are coded for by a gene. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the non-specific immune response?

<p>To recognize, respond, and eliminate the pathogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells recognize pathogens through interactions of their pattern recognition receptors (PRR) with the pathogen's pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)?

<p>Macrophages and neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary non-specific immune response?

<p>A response that is always present and provides the same response every time regardless of the pathogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is the least immunogenic according to the text?

<p>Lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of increasing immunogenicity of the listed molecules?

<p>Nucleic acids, lipids, complex carbohydrates, proteins, small molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules requires association with a larger molecule to be immunogenic?

<p>Proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are frequently used for vaccines or to trigger the creation of antibodies?

<p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the immunogenicity of a protein when a carbohydrate is added to it?

<p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are so small that they are not recognized by the immune system?

<p>Small molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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