The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main outcomes of the Night of the Long Knives?

  • Increased public support for Hitler
  • Formation of a new government
  • Removal of Nazi rivals (correct)
  • Escalation of international conflicts

Hitler viewed the family as unimportant for increasing the population and military strength.

False (B)

Name one factor that contributed to Hitler's rise to power besides the Night of the Long Knives.

Reichstag Fire or Enabling Act

Women played a critical role during the war by working in ___________ producing weapons.

<p>factories</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance to Hitler's power:

<p>Night of the Long Knives = Removal of rivals Reichstag Fire = Pretext for suspending civil liberties Enabling Act = Legal basis for Hitler's dictatorship Family Policies = Increase birth rate of Aryan children</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did women have to work a Duty Year during the war?

<p>To replace men who went to war (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hitler promoted traditional family roles, expecting men to raise children at home.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Hitler's goals related to family policies?

<p>To increase the birth rate of Aryan children</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main goals of the Nazis' economic policies under Hitler?

<p>Preparing Germany for war (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nazis’ main focus was on creating civilian jobs rather than military rearmament.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant plan did Hitler introduce in 1936 to prepare Germany for war?

<p>Four-Year Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hitler’s government policies prioritized the production of ______ over consumer goods.

<p>weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their descriptions:

<p>Night of the Long Knives = Elimination of political rivals within the Nazi party Reichstag Fire = Incident used to justify the suspension of civil liberties Enabling Act = Legislation allowing Hitler to enact laws without Reichstag approval Role of Women in WWII = Encouraged to fulfill traditional roles while supporting the war effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which policy was introduced to reduce unemployment by expanding the military?

<p>Conscription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hitler appointed himself chancellor immediately after the July 1932 elections.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the political outcome for the Nazis in the 1932 July elections?

<p>Became the largest party in the Reichstag</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the purposes of the Night of the Long Knives?

<p>To eliminate political opponents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Reichstag Fire helped the Nazis justify the suspension of civil liberties.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the effects of the Enabling Act passed in 1933?

<p>It allowed the Nazi government to enact laws without the Reichstag's approval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nazi regime promoted traditional ________ roles that emphasized women's responsibilities as homemakers and mothers.

<p>family</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Nazi policies with their intended goals:

<p>Rearmament = Strengthening the military Autobahn construction = Reducing unemployment National Labour Service = Providing jobs for youth Family Policies = Promoting motherhood and domestic life</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a primary tactic used by the Nazis to silence opposition in the media?

<p>Controlling newspapers and radio broadcasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nazi family policies encouraged women to pursue careers outside the home.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Four-Year Plan under Nazi economic policy?

<p>To prepare Germany for war and achieve self-sufficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Night of the Long Knives impact

The Night of the Long Knives helped Hitler gain army loyalty and remove rivals, but it wasn't the only reason for his rise.

Nazi family importance reasons

Hitler viewed the family as vital for a strong Germany and spreading Nazi ideals through a focus on large families and traditional roles.

Nazi women's wartime roles

Women worked in factories, agriculture, administration, and the armed forces to support Germany's war effort during the 1930s and 1940s.

Nazi's Family goals

The Nazis wanted larger families, especially with more 'Aryan' children, to grow Germany's population and army strength.

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Women's Duty Year

All single women had to work a year in factories or agriculture to support Germany's war effort.

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Nazi women's diverse roles

Women in the Nazi regime played multiple roles, from factory workers to nurses to administrative staff and in agriculture. They also worked as officers and wardens during wartime situations.

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Family's role (Nazi view)

The Nazis viewed the family as a model of the state, with defined roles for men and women, emphasizing national loyalty.

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Military needs (Nazi view)

Hitler needed a larger German population with a greater birth rate to provide more soldiers for the future military.

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Nazi control of mass media

The Nazis controlled newspapers, films, and radio to spread their ideology, silence opposition, and attack enemies.

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Nazi economic goal

Nazi policies aimed to restore Germany's economy and prepare for war, including reducing unemployment, increasing production, and strengthening the military.

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Public works projects

Government-funded projects like the Autobahn that created jobs and boosted the economy.

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National Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst)

Nazi program providing work to young men, aiding economic recovery, and propaganda.

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Propaganda

The use of information to promote a particular idea or cause.

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Reduce unemployment

One goal of Nazi economic policies to create and secure jobs through public works, to improve their image, and to gain support.

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Control of the radio

The Nazi's control of the radio allowed them to broadcast Hitler's speeches and their agenda throughout the country, further amplifying their reach.

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Anti-Semitic views

Nazi beliefs and ideas promoting prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people.

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Hitler's appointment in 1933

Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 after a series of events in 1932 and 1933. This followed the election of Hindenburg as president in 1932, the appointment of von Papen as Chancellor, and the Nazis becoming the biggest party in the Reichstag. Hitler demanded the position of Chancellor.

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Nazi economic policies goal

While the Nazis aimed to reduce unemployment, their main goal was to strengthen Germany for war through rearmament and military preparation.

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Hitler's focus

From the start, Hitler's focus was on rearmament and building up Germany's military strength.

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Four-Year Plan

Hitler introduced the Four-Year Plan in 1936 to make Germany self-sufficient and prepare for future wars. This plan focused on increasing the production of weapons and military equipment.

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Lebensraum

The Nazi goal of Lebensraum (living space) was a driving force for their military expansion. It meant taking over land and resources from other countries for Germany's growth.

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Quality of life under the Nazis

Despite unemployment decreasing, the quality of life for workers did not improve significantly. The Nazis directed the economy towards military production at the expense of consumer goods.

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Military production

The Nazis focused on military production, often at the expense of consumer goods. Workers in the military and arms factories were focused on supporting the war effort.

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Nazi economic policies: support

The Nazis gained support from people who saw the government providing jobs and improving the economy. However, their true aim was to prepare Germany for war.

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Study Notes

The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

  • The Soviet Union controlled Eastern Europe for decades.
  • Geographic location was strategically important to the Soviet Union.

The Berlin Wall

  • Divided Berlin into communist and capitalist halves.
  • Built by communist East Germany to stop people moving from East to West.
  • East German soldiers guarded the wall.
  • People trying to cross the wall faced the threat of being shot.
  • The wall was demolished in 1989.

Soviet Response to Czechoslovakia

  • Czechoslovakia was strategically important to the Soviet Union within the Warsaw Pact.
  • Soviet leaders feared that Czechoslovakia's reforms might inspire similar movements in other Warsaw Pact countries.
  • The reforms threatened Soviet control and the stability of the communist system.

Solidarity

  • Solidarity was a 1980s Polish trade union movement.
  • It emerged as a response to poor working conditions & the lack of freedoms under communist rule.
  • Solidarity had over 7 million members.
  • Solidarity's demands, for higher wages and better treatment for workers, forced the Polish government to make changes.
  • Solidarity challenged Soviet control.
  • It inspired other Eastern European countries seeking to break free from Soviet control.
  • Solidarity's influence weakened Soviet control in the long term.

Nazi Control Methods

  • Gestapo:

    • Targeted enemies of Nazism (socialists).
    • Used concentration camps.
    • Arrested people on suspicion.
    • Arrested political opponents and trade union leaders.
    • Involved in the Holocaust.
    • Shut down anti-Nazi newspapers.
  • Mass Media Control:

    • To spread Nazi ideas, the Nazis controlled the media (radio, newspapers, films).
    • To prevent opposition and to control information.

Nazi Economic Policies

  • Aimed to restore Germany's economy after the Great Depression.
  • Focused on reducing unemployment, boosting production, and strengthening the military through public works (like the Autobahn, which provided jobs), rearmament, and the Four-Year Plan.
  • This helped boost their image and gain support.
  • The main goal was to prepare for war and rearmament.

Hitler's Appointment as Chancellor

  • Hitler showed popularity in the 1932 presidential election.
  • Von Papen served as Chancellor briefly, before Hitler's appointment in January 1933.
  • The Reichstag Fire gave Hitler the opportunity to scare people into empowering him.
  • The Enabling Act gave Hitler the legal authority to make decisions without the Reichstag or President Hindenburg.

Early Nazi Success Factors

  • Economic prosperity in the 1920s:
    • Improved economic conditions led to less desire for change.
  • Political and cultural stability in the 1920s:
    • A stable social, political, and cultural environment.
    • Reduced the popularity of the extreme Nazi ideas.

The Night of the Long Knives

  • Removed a major threat to Hitler's power, the SA.
  • The SA, feared as chaotic and undisciplined, was reduced.
  • Secured the loyalty of the army.
  • Eliminated political opponents (like General von Schleicher).
  • Secured Hitler's power and support from the army.

Hitler Youth

  • Established for teaching Nazi ideas to German youth.
  • Preparing for military roles.
  • Popularity was debated, having positive and negative reasons for becoming popular.
  • It initially was attractive due to the fun activities it offered.
  • It was unpopular with teenagers when it became Compulsory and militaristic.

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