The Social Self and Workplace Values

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Questions and Answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

Values Congruence = Similarity of a person’s value hierarchy to that of another Value System = Arrangement of values into a hierarchy of preferences Individualism = Emphasis on independence and personal uniqueness Collectivism = Emphasis on duty to groups and community

Match the following ethical principles with their applications:

Values as Moral Compass = Guide our decisions and actions Disconnect Between Values and Behavior = Abstract concepts less followed in practice Habitual Behavior = Consistent with our values Individual Behavior = Involves conscious decisions applying values

Match the following values types with their characteristics:

Personal Values = Values existing only within individuals Shared Values = Values held by groups of people with similarities Organizational Values = Values shared throughout an organization Cultural Values = Values shared across an entire society

Match the following ethical principles with their descriptions:

Utilitarianism = Seek the greatest good for the greatest number Individual Rights = Beliefs that everyone has entitlements Distributive Justice = Similar individuals receive similar benefits Moral Intensity = Degree to which an issue demands ethical application Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of decision-making with their definitions:

Ethical Principles = Beliefs that guide decisions in moral contexts Values = Stable evaluative beliefs about good or bad Personal Identity = Unique characteristics defining an individual Social Identity = Membership in various social groups defining self-concept Signup and view all the answers

Match the following value orientations with their cultural contexts:

Individualism = Promotes personal achievements and autonomy Collectivism = Prioritizes group cohesion and support Personal Values = Reflects individual priorities and beliefs Shared Values = Represents common beliefs within communities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cross-cultural values with their definitions:

Power Culture = Acceptance of unequal power distribution Uncertainty Avoidance = Tolerating ambiguity in culture Achievement-nurturing orientation = Emphasizing competitive versus cooperative relations Group Harmony = Value of belonging and cohesion in a group Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ethical concepts with their implications:

Utilitarianism = Focus on overall satisfaction of the affected Moral Intensity = Influences urgency of ethical decision-making Distributive Justice = Ensures fairness via proportional benefits Uncertainty Avoidance = Affects how cultures handle risk and ambiguity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their concepts in ethics:

Ethical Sensitivity = Recognizing presence of ethical issues Situational Influences = Impact of context on ethical decisions Values Congruence = Alignment between personal and shared values Cross-cultural Values = Values that vary across different cultures Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of values with their descriptions:

Individual Values = Personal beliefs and entitlements Shared Values = Common beliefs within a group or society Value Systems = Structure of principles guiding behavior Ethical Principles = Guidelines for ethical decision-making Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Self-concept organized into personal identity (unique characteristics) and social identity (group memberships).
Social Identity Theory explains self-concept based on individual traits and social group affiliations.

Values in the Workplace

Values are stable beliefs guiding preferences and actions, influencing moral compass.
Personal values are individual-specific, while shared values exist within groups (teams, organizations, societies).
Organizational values pertain to shared beliefs within an organization; cultural values represent broader societal beliefs.
Habitual behavior aligns with values, but conscious decisions might not consistently reflect them due to values being abstract.

Values Congruence

Value congruence measures alignment of individual and organizational values, promoting authenticity in the workplace.
Achieving congruence is challenging but fulfilling for career satisfaction.

Values Across Cultures

Individualism emphasizes personal independence and uniqueness, while collectivism highlights duty to groups and harmony.
Power culture reflects acceptance of unequal power distribution in society.
Uncertainty avoidance indicates tolerance for ambiguity—low avoidance embraces uncertainty, while high avoidance leads to discomfort with it.
Achievement-nurturing orientation contrasts competitive versus cooperative relationships within cultures.

Ethical Values and Behavior

Utilitarianism seeks the greatest good for the most people, guiding ethical decision-making.
Individual rights assert entitlements, including freedoms and protections for individuals.
Distributive justice advocates for similar benefits and burdens among similar individuals, with disproportionate distribution for those unlike each other.

Moral Intensity, Ethical Sensitivity, and Situational Influences

Moral intensity quantifies the demand for ethical application in decisions.
Ethical sensitivity is the personal ability to recognize and evaluate ethical issues.
Situational influences can lead individuals to engage in unethical behavior due to contextual factors.

Five-Factor Model of Personality

Conscientiousness includes traits of dependability and self-discipline.
Agreeableness relates to being empathetic and caring.
Neuroticism encompasses high anxiety; low neuroticism signifies emotional stability.
Openness to experience reflects creativity and curiosity, marked by less consensus among scholars.
Extroversion signifies sociability and assertiveness, contrasted with introversion characterized by being quiet or reserved.

Self-Concept in Organizational Behavior

Self-concept involves self-beliefs and evaluations, addressing personal identity.
Self-enhancement motivates individuals to view themselves positively, fostering self-worth.
Self-verification stabilizes self-concept through consistent feedback, regardless of its flattering or unflattering nature.
Self-evaluation comprises self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control.
Self-esteem reflects overall satisfaction with oneself; self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed; locus of control indicates perceived control over life events.