The Skeletal System

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Which set of specialized connective tissues correctly represents the composition of the skeletal system?

Bones, ligaments, cartilage (correct)
Bones, cartilage, tendons
Muscles, tendons, cartilage
Bones, ligaments, muscles

If the skeletal system were compromised, which of the following primary functions would be MOST directly affected?

Waste elimination
Nutrient absorption
Hormone regulation
Body movement and support (correct)

The hardness of bones is primarily attributed to the presence of which inorganic component?

Blood vessels
Calcium minerals (correct)
Collagen fibers
Nerve tissues

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for the formation of new bone tissue during growth and repair?

Osteoblasts (D) Signup and view all the answers

Osteocytes, mature bone cells, are found within which specific structure of compact bone?

Osteon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Reabsorption and breakdown of bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

Red bone marrow, crucial for hematopoiesis, is primarily located within which part of a bone?

Epiphysis of spongy bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

During bone remodeling in adulthood, which hormone stimulates the removal of calcium from bone?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Regulating body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral column is divided into five anatomical regions. Which of the following lists those regions in the correct order from superior to inferior?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the axial skeleton protects the heart and lungs, and assists in breathing?

Ribs and sternum (B) Signup and view all the answers

The growth hormone and sex hormones influence bone development. What is the primary role of sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone) during puberty?

Stimulating the growth plate (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which function of bone is most directly related to enabling physical activity?

Interaction with muscles, facilitating movement. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Facilitating communication between osteocytes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do ligaments contribute to the function of the skeletal system?

By connecting bones to each other, stabilizing joints. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If the central canal of an osteon becomes blocked, which of the following would be the most immediate consequence?

Reduced blood supply to the bone cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage provides the primary support for the embryonic structures of bone?

Hyaline cartilage. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a long bone, such as the femur, where is yellow bone marrow typically found, and what is its primary function?

Diaphysis; storing energy as fat. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Unlike compact bone, spongy bone is characterized by which structural feature that contributes to its function?

A network of trabeculae providing lightweight support. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the periosteum would most likely affect what aspect of bone function?

The bone's capacity for growth and repair. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrocartilage from hyaline and elastic cartilage in terms of location and function?

Fibrocartilage is located in intervertebral discs and provides cushioning and support. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a condition that impairs the function of osteocytes, which of the following bone processes would be most directly affected?

Regulation of mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During the healing of a bone fracture, why is the activity of osteoclasts essential?

They remove bone fragments and remodel the bone, which is necessary for complete healing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the role of intervertebral discs found between vertebrae?

To cushion the vertebrae and provide flexibility to the vertebral column. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin interact to maintain calcium homeostasis in adults?

PTH removes calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels, while calcitonin adds calcium to bone, decreasing blood calcium levels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are the sinuses or air spaces within cranial bones considered beneficial?

They reduce the weight of the skull and are lined with tissue that secretes mucus. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of growth hormone during bone development in adolescents?

Stimulating the bone lengthening activity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's bone sample showed a significantly reduced number of osteons, which aspect of bone function would be MOST compromised?

The bone's resistance to compressive forces. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would DIRECTLY impair the function of osteoblasts?

A diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How might a disease that impairs the function of red bone marrow affect bone tissue?

Weakened bone structure because of impaired blood cell formation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying a bone sample and observes a high density of osteocytes but a reduced number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. What might be the MOST likely conclusion?

The bone is in a state of equilibrium with minimal remodeling. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following explains the benefit of bones being composed of both calcium minerals and collagen?

Calcium minerals provide hardness, while collagen provides flexibility. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How would the decreased activity of osteoclasts most likely affect bone remodeling?

Slower repair of fractures due to reduced bone resorption. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a weight-bearing bone, how do the arrangements of compact and spongy bone contribute to the bone's overall function?

Compact bone provides strength and resistance to bending, while spongy bone distributes stress and reduces weight. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The central cavity of long bones is filled with yellow bone marrow. What is the MOST significant role of yellow bone marrow in the skeletal system?

Serving as a reservoir for energy storage in the form of fats (D) Signup and view all the answers

Compact bone and spongy bone are two types of bone tissue with distinct structural organizations. Which statement BEST compares a functional advantage of spongy bone's porous nature to compact bone?

Spongy bone effectively reduces overall bone weight without compromising structural support. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Osteocytes, located within lacunae, communicate with each other through canaliculi. What is the PRIMARY functional significance of this intercellular network in bone tissue?

To enable the exchange of nutrients and waste between osteocytes and blood vessels. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The human body contains different types of cartilage, each specialized for specific functions. Elastic cartilage is known for its flexibility. Where is elastic cartilage primarily located, reflecting its need for this property?

In the outer ear and epiglottis, maintaining shape while allowing flexibility (D) Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments and tendons are both composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, but they serve distinct functions. What is the PRIMARY functional role of ligaments in the skeletal system?

To attach bones to bones at joints, providing stability and limiting excessive movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Long bones, such as the femur, have a distinct structure including the diaphysis and epiphysis. Considering bone marrow distribution, what type of marrow is predominantly found within the central cavity of the diaphysis in adults?

Primarily yellow bone marrow, serving as a fat storage site (D) Signup and view all the answers

The skeletal system is critical for mineral homeostasis in the body. Why is the mineral storage function of bones, specifically for calcium and phosphate, physiologically vital?

To support essential cellular processes such as muscle contraction and nerve function. (B) Signup and view all the answers

One of the key functions of the skeletal system is protection. Which of the following BEST exemplifies the protective role of the skeletal system for delicate internal organs?

The rib cage and sternum encasing and shielding the heart and lungs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The skeletal system is integral to movement. How does the skeletal system directly enable body movement, as described in the provided text?

By providing a rigid framework of levers upon which muscles can act to produce motion. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Both cartilage and ligaments are connective tissues found in the skeletal system, yet they differ significantly in their primary roles. What is a fundamental difference in their functions as described in the text?

Cartilage provides flexible support and cushioning, whereas ligaments mainly join bones to bones for stabilization. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal System

Bones, ligaments, and cartilage. Provides support, protection, and facilitates movement.

Bones

Hard, mineralized elements of the skeleton, composed of calcium crystals and living cells.

Bone Composition

Bones are composed of nonliving extracellular crystals of calcium minerals, as well as nerves, blood vessels, and living cells.