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Questions and Answers
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
Bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
- Appendicular skeleton (correct)
- Cranial skeleton
- Axial skeleton (correct)
- Facial skeleton
What are the primary functions of bones?
What are the primary functions of bones?
- Support the body
- Protection of organs
- Storage of minerals and fats
- All of the above (correct)
How many bones does the human skeleton have?
How many bones does the human skeleton have?
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Which type of bone is typically longer than it is wide?
Which type of bone is typically longer than it is wide?
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What are examples of short bones?
What are examples of short bones?
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What are epiphyseal plates?
What are epiphyseal plates?
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What type of fracture penetrates the skin?
What type of fracture penetrates the skin?
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What is a hematoma in the context of bone fractures?
What is a hematoma in the context of bone fractures?
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What is unique about the hyoid bone?
What is unique about the hyoid bone?
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What bones make up the skull?
What bones make up the skull?
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Study Notes
The Skeletal System Overview
- Comprises bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments; tendons connect bones to muscles.
- Divided into two main divisions: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton comprising limbs and girdles.
Functions of Bones
- Provides structural support for the body.
- Protects soft organs from injury.
- Facilitates movement through attachment to skeletal muscles.
- Serves as a reservoir for minerals and fats.
- Responsible for blood cell formation.
Bone Composition
- The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
- Two types of bone tissue:
- Compact bone: Dense and homogeneous.
- Spongy bone: Composed of small needle-like pieces with many open spaces.
Classification of Bones by Shape
- Long bones: Longer than wide, primarily compact bone; e.g., femur, humerus.
- Short bones: Cube-shaped, mostly spongy bone; e.g., carpals, tarsals.
- Flat bones: Thin and flattened, typically curved with compact bone layers sandwiching spongy bone; e.g., skull, ribs, sternum.
- Irregular bones: Do not fit other categories, often with complex shapes; e.g., vertebrae and hip bones.
Bone Growth
- Epiphyseal plates enable lengthening of long bones during childhood, creating new cartilage which ossifies over time.
- Bones continue to remodel and grow in width until growth plates close.
Bone Fractures
- Defined as breaks in bones; classified as:
- Closed (simple) fractures: Do not penetrate the skin.
- Open (compound) fractures: Breaks that penetrate through the skin.
- Treatment involves reduction for alignment and immobilization of the fracture.
Repair Process for Bone Fractures
- Hematoma (blood swelling) forms at the fracture site.
- Fibrocartilage callus develops to splint the break.
- Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus.
- Bony callus is molded into a permanent patch through remodeling.
The Axial Skeleton
- Comprises the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax; forms the body's central axis.
The Skull
- Consists of two sets of bones: cranium and facial bones.
- Bones are joined by sutures, with the mandible being the only one attached by a movable joint.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Hollow spaces in bones surrounding the nasal cavity.
- Functions include reducing skull weight and enhancing voice resonance.
The Hyoid Bone
- Unique for being the only bone that does not articulate with others.
- Functions as a movable base for the tongue.
The Vertebral Column
- Composed of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
- Spine has a natural curvature and vertebrae are named based on their locations.
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