The Scientific Skepticism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the focus of behaviorism?

  • Mentalistic approaches
  • Interactions with others
  • Environmental factors and reinforcement principles (correct)
  • Subjective methods

    • According to Wilson (2022), what does the Construal Principle emphasize?

  • The importance of mindset and appraisal
  • The power of social norms
  • People's current interpretations of themselves and their environment (correct)
  • The manipulation of construals

    • What are some related terms to the Construal Principle?

  • Confirmation bias, research methods, experimentation, common sense
  • Objective details, social situation, problems, interpretation
  • Mindset, appraisal, attribution, interpretation, narrative, story, meaning making (correct)
  • DNA evidence, jury, murder trial, Mark Edward Grant

    • What is the tendency of confirmation bias?

    <p>To seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does naive realism refer to according to the text?

    <p>The belief that we see the world precisely as it is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is problematic about naive realism?

    <p>It is problematic in ambiguous or complex situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about how we know about the world?

    <p>We have many ways of knowing about the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach evaluates all claims with an open mind, but insists on persuasive evidence before accepting them as true?

    <p>Empiricism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between social psychology and sociology?

    <p>Social psychology focuses on the individual in the context of a social situation, while sociology focuses on broad societal factors that influence events in a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between social psychology and personality psychology?

    <p>Social psychology focuses on the individual, while personality psychology focuses on individual differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior stems from personality traits and to underestimate the role of situational factors?

    <p>Fundamental Attribution Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the subjective way in which an object appears in people's minds, rather than the objective physical attributes of the object?

    <p>Construal Matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scientific thinking require when considering alternative explanations?

    <p>Ruling out rival hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that when several explanations account for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is often the best?

    <p>Occam's Razor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines social psychology?

    <p>The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a construal in social psychology?

    <p>The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key point of social psychology?

    <p>Objective features of the social situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the related disciplines to social psychology?

    <p>Cognitive psychology and neuroscience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'construals' refer to in social psychology?

    <p>The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power of the situation in social psychology?

    <p>The influence of social situations on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are construals obvious in social psychology?

    <p>No, construals are subjective and can vary from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kurt Lewin, which of the following is NOT a basic motive for construals?

    <p>The need to be admired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of conflicting motives?

    <p>Decreased accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do humans need to maintain self-esteem?

    <p>To feel good about themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of justifying past behavior mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hockey hazing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of construals?

    <p>Unconscious and unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are construals shaped according to the text?

    <p>By cultural influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can social psychology contribute to the solution of social problems?

    <p>Understanding social influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is mentioned as an important topic in social psychology?

    <p>Pro-environmental behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a specific issue mentioned in the text?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes behaviorism?

    <p>A psychological approach focused on reinforcement principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Construal Principle emphasize?

    <p>The importance of subjective interpretations of oneself and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term related to the Construal Principle?

    <p>Meaning making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them?

    <p>Confirmation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief that we see the world precisely as it is?

    <p>Naïve realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scientific thinking require when considering alternative explanations?

    <p>Open-mindedness and persuasive evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social psychology contribute to the solution of social problems?

    <p>Subjective interpretations and meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of psychology focuses on studying the subjective way in which an object appears in people's minds, rather than the objective physical attributes of the object?

    <p>Gestalt theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior stems from personality traits and to underestimate the role of situational factors?

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between social psychology and sociology?

    <p>Social psychology focuses on individual behavior, while sociology focuses on broad societal factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between social psychology and personality psychology?

    <p>Social psychology focuses on the individual, while personality psychology focuses on individual differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle suggests that when several explanations account for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is often the best?

    <p>Occam's razor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind, but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting them as true?

    <p>Scientific skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to accept claims on the basis of authority alone?

    <p>Naive realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic motive for construals?

    <p>The need to be unique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of conflicting motives?

    <p>Decreased accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of self-justification mentioned in the text?

    <p>Littering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of selecting, interpreting, remembering, and using social information to make judgments and decisions?

    <p>Social cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a specific issue mentioned in the text that social psychology can contribute to?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unconscious nature of construals?

    <p>Automaticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the power of the situation in social psychology?

    <p>Social influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the role of personality traits and underestimate the role of situational factors?

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the subjective way in which an object appears in people's minds, rather than the objective physical attributes of the object?

    <p>Construal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines social psychology?

    <p>The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a construal in social psychology?

    <p>The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key points of social psychology as a science?

    <p>It is systematic and empirical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are construals in social psychology influenced by?

    <p>Objective features of the social situation and individual interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power of the situation in social psychology?

    <p>The influence of the social environment on people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do construals come from in social psychology?

    <p>They come from both objective features of the social situation and individual interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social psychology study in relation to social problems?

    <p>The way in which people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors contribute to social problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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