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Questions and Answers
What was the first language spoken in England?
What was the first language spoken in England?
- Latin
- Roman
- English
- Celtic (correct)
Which territories did the Romans fail to conquer in Britain?
Which territories did the Romans fail to conquer in Britain?
- Cornwall and Ireland
- Scotland and Wales (correct)
- Ireland and Scotland
- Wales and Cornwall
What was the purpose of Hadrian’s Wall?
What was the purpose of Hadrian’s Wall?
- To serve as a trade route
- To mark the boundary of the Roman Empire
- To protect the northern boundary (correct)
- To separate the Roman Empire from the Celts
How long was Britain under the rule of the Roman Empire?
How long was Britain under the rule of the Roman Empire?
What was the geographical reach of the Roman Empire at its peak?
What was the geographical reach of the Roman Empire at its peak?
What was the everyday language of most of the population in Roman Britain?
What was the everyday language of most of the population in Roman Britain?
Who adopted Latin in Roman Britain?
Who adopted Latin in Roman Britain?
When did the Roman Empire become Christian?
When did the Roman Empire become Christian?
Who put Christianity under pressure within a century after the Roman Empire became Christian?
Who put Christianity under pressure within a century after the Roman Empire became Christian?
When did the last Roman troops withdraw from Britain?
When did the last Roman troops withdraw from Britain?
Who reached an agreement with the Jutes for protection against the Picts and Scots?
Who reached an agreement with the Jutes for protection against the Picts and Scots?
Where did the Jutes decide to settle?
Where did the Jutes decide to settle?
What marked the beginning of the invasion of Britain by Germanic tribes?
What marked the beginning of the invasion of Britain by Germanic tribes?
What did the Germanic conquerors impose on the remaining inhabitants?
What did the Germanic conquerors impose on the remaining inhabitants?
Which is one of the main sources of information about the Anglo-Saxon migration and settlement?
Which is one of the main sources of information about the Anglo-Saxon migration and settlement?
What are the seven kingdoms that emerged in the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy?
What are the seven kingdoms that emerged in the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy?
What does the early name of the land and its people, 'Angelcynn', mean?
What does the early name of the land and its people, 'Angelcynn', mean?
What was the name used in English writings to refer to the Saxons and Angles?
What was the name used in English writings to refer to the Saxons and Angles?
From around which year did the name 'England' start to be used to denote the southern part of the island of Great Britain?
From around which year did the name 'England' start to be used to denote the southern part of the island of Great Britain?
What did the Celts call their conquerors?
What did the Celts call their conquerors?
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Study Notes
Early Languages of England
- The first language spoken in England was Brythonic, a Celtic language.
Roman Britain
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The Roman Empire failed to conquer the northern and western parts of Britain, including the Caledonian Highlands and Wales.
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Hadrian’s Wall was built to defend Roman Britain from the Picts and Scots in the north.
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Britain was under Roman rule for nearly 400 years, from 43 AD to 410 AD.
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At its peak, the Roman Empire spanned from modern Spain and Portugal in the west to modern Syria and Egypt in the east.
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Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire, but the everyday language of most people in Roman Britain remained Brythonic.
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The upper classes and administration adopted Latin.
Rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire
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The Roman Empire officially became Christian in 380 AD under Emperor Theodosius I.
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Barbarian tribes led a series of attacks on the Roman Empire, putting Christianity under pressure within a century after the Empire adopted Christianity.
Departure of the Romans
- The last Roman troops withdrew from Britain in 410 AD.
Anglo-Saxon Settlements
- King Vortigern reached an agreement with the Jutes for protection against the Picts and Scots.
- The Jutes settled in Kent, and invited Angles and Saxons to join them.
- The arrival of the Germanic tribes marked the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain.
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy
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The Germanic conquerors imposed their culture, language, and social system on the remaining inhabitants.
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The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" is one of the main sources of information about the Anglo-Saxon migration and settlement.
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The seven kingdoms that emerged are known as the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy:
- Northumbria
- Mercia
- East Anglia
- Essex
- Kent
- Sussex
- Wessex
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The early name of the land and its people, "Angelcynn", means "people of the Angles".
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In English writings, the Saxons and Angles were referred to as "Englisc".
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The name "England" started to be used to denote the southern part of the island of Great Britain from around the 9th century.
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The Celts called their conquerors "Saxons" (Saxones).
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