The Role of the State in Healthcare Policy

<p>Conservative countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissatisfaction with state administrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decentralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New public management</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multinational corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The collapse of the Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizations that seek profits as their main feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By establishing their own rules and policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are difficult to enforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomy and capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By make policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Executive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce manifestos and policy documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ministry of Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not give high priority to human health implications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National committees or task forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health professionals and other bureaucrats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the health sector is properly represented</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defining the vision and direction of health policy = Ministry of Health Giving high priority to human health implications = Other ministries' goals Influence through regulation and advocacy = Ministry of Health Attention of the cabinet mostly at the time of crises = Health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MOH is often seen well behind the ministry of finance, defense, foreign affairs, industry, planning and education = In low and middle income countries Many countries set up inter-sectoral bodies = Sri Lanka Conflicts may arise between health professionals and other bureaucrats = Professional versus other sources of advice All ministries contribute to the overall outcome = Important for health policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responsible for ensuring that the needs of the health sector are properly represented when decisions are made = Ministry of Health Have their own goals to purse and are accountable for meeting them and many not give high priority to human health implications = Other ministries Health professionals highly influence their advices = Ministry of Health It is important that all ministries contribute to the overall outcome = Health policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Company = An organization involved in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers Decentralization = The process of distributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority Regulation = The control and oversight of activities or behavior, often carried out by a government or regulatory body Privatization = The transfer of government-owned assets or services to the private sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industry = A specific branch of economic or commercial activity Multinational corporation = A large-scale organization that operates in multiple countries New public management = Management techniques and practices borrowed from the private sector and applied to the public sector Transnational corporation = A corporation that operates in more than one country, not just the home country</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global recession = A period of major economic slowdown that occurred in the 1980s Structural adjustment programs = Policies implemented by international financial institutions Rolling back the state = A trend that spread among high income countries and later to middle and low income countries following dissatisfaction with state administrations Conservative countries = Countries that came to power as a result of the critique of the state in the 1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory I: public choice = Led to public expenditure containment and ‘internal markets’ Theory II: property rights = Led to public expenditure containment and ‘internal markets’ Neo-liberal economic = Influenced the reinvention of government and health sector reform Decentralization = Characteristic of ‘good governance’ in the health sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomy = A major effect on their ability to make and implement policy Capacity = A major effect on their ability to make and implement policy Federal versus unitary systems = Forms of government systems Parliamentary versus presidential systems = Forms of government systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Represent people, enact legislation, oversee the executive = Legislature Draft laws and convince legislatures to initiate policies = Executive Power differs from country to country, over time and from sector to sector = Bureaucracy Formulate all or most policies = One party systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market orientation = Private (for-profit) sector Charitable status but support the interest of a firm or industry = Non-for-profit sector Regulation of market standards and social standards = Self-regulation Public sector involvement in business self-regulation = Co-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of the Ministry of Health is to ensure that the needs of the health sector are properly represented when decisions are made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ministry of Health may face challenges in coordinating with other ministries, as they may have their own goals and may not prioritize human health implications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quantity and distribution of services, the prices of services, the quality of health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global recession, escalating government debts, increasing public expenditures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservative countries came to power, reforms were introduced in many countries, 'rolling back' of the state spread among high income countries and later to middle and low income countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state regulates the quantity, distribution, prices, and quality of health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reasons for the critique of the state in the 1980s include the failure of states to provide equal services, the lack of cost-effectiveness in public finance, disproportionate allocation of resources, poor management, poor quality care in low-income countries, issues with public health providers, and politically connected individuals having better access to care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The private (for-profit) sector in health policy refers to organizations that seek profits as their main feature. They may provide secondary and supportive services and can vary in size and ownership. Many actors in the health policy process belong to the for-profit sector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The private sector is involved in health policy through self-regulation by establishing its own rules and policies for operating in specific domains. This can include regulation of market standards and regulation of social standards. Voluntary codes play an important role for firms and society, although they may have weaknesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two features of government systems that have a major effect on their ability to make and implement policy are autonomy and capacity. Autonomy refers to the independence of the government from external influences, while capacity refers to the government's resources and capabilities to effectively carry out policy-making and implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>executive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>servants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>education</p> Signup and view all the answers