The Role of Hypothalamus and Amygdala in Emotional Behavior Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What pathways are involved in emotions?

Visceral motor changes and somatic motor responses (correct)

Hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex

Basal ganglia and amygdala

Sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS

What is the role of the hypothalamus in emotions?

Controlling the prefrontal cortex

Directly triggering somatic motor responses

Influencing the basal ganglia

Regulating visceral motor changes (correct)

What are the functional connections of the hypothalamus in emotions?

Basal ganglia and amygdala

Prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Limbic system and cortical regions (correct)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and amygdala in emotions?

Contributing to the emotional motor system Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is associated with acquired sociopathy?

Orbitofrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated lifetime incidence of depression in men?

5% - 12% Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure shows abnormal blood flow correlated with severity of depression?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is under dopaminergic modulation from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and causes rewarding effects?

Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of people who will have a traumatic experience in their lifetime?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which hemisphere is more involved with negative emotions?

Right hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Persistently re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoiding reminders of the event, numbed responsiveness, and heightened arousal Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is commonly used for PTSD?

Cognitive-behavioral therapies and antianxiety/antidepressant medications Signup and view all the answers

What did electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus elicit experimentally in a cat?

Sham rage Signup and view all the answers

What did patient S.M., who suffered selective bilateral damage to the amygdala, exhibit?

Impaired emotional processing Signup and view all the answers

What do VTA dopamine neurons signal in associative learning?

The presence of the reward-predicting stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

Inhibitory control over behavior (impulse control) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hypothalamus play in emotional behavior?

Integration of emotional states Signup and view all the answers

What can cause 'uninhibited hypothalamic discharge' in humans?

Hypothalamic lesions Signup and view all the answers

What behavior can be elicited by electrical stimulation of different parts of the hypothalamus?

Rage responses Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is part of the limbic system and plays a role in mediating emotional behavior?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What syndrome results from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe and demonstrates visual agnosia, docility, hyperphagia, hyperorality, and hypersexuality?

Klüver–Bucy syndrome Signup and view all the answers

How many major functional and anatomical subdivisions does the amygdala have?

Three (central, medial, and basolateral) Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from unilateral lesion of the amygdala in monkeys?

Changes in behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the amygdala involved in, contributing to associative learning?

Association of neutral stimuli with primary reinforcers Signup and view all the answers

What disease does Patient S.M. suffer from, resulting in amygdala calcification and atrophy, and an inability to recognize the emotion of fear?

Urbach-Wiethe disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Role of Hypothalamus and Amygdala in Emotional Behavior

Hypothalamus plays a critical role in the integration of emotional states, with examples of "sham rage" observed in cats with intact hypothalamus
"Uninhibited hypothalamic discharge" in humans can be caused by hypothalamic lesions, carbon monoxide poisoning, and hypoglycemia
Electrical stimulation of different parts of the hypothalamus can elicit rage responses, attack behavior, or defensive postures resembling fear
The limbic lobe, consisting of the cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus, forms a rim around the corpus callosum and is part of the limbic system
The limbic system includes the amygdala, which links cortical sensory regions with the hypothalamus and brainstem, and plays a role in mediating emotional behavior
Klüver–Bucy syndrome, resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe, demonstrates visual agnosia, docility, hyperphagia, hyperorality, and hypersexuality
The amygdala has three major functional and anatomical subdivisions: central, medial, and basolateral, each with specific connections and functions
Unilateral lesion of the amygdala in monkeys resulted in changes in behavior, demonstrating the role of the amygdala in interpreting the significance of visual stimuli
The amygdala is involved in the association of neutral stimuli with primary reinforcers, contributing to associative learning
Patient S.M., suffering from Urbach-Wiethe disease with amygdala calcification and atrophy, cannot recognize the emotion of fear, highlighting the role of the amygdala in fear processing and recognition

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Description

Test your knowledge of the role of the hypothalamus and amygdala in emotional behavior with this quiz. Explore the impact of lesions, stimulation, and specific syndromes on emotional responses, and learn about the functions of different parts of the amygdala in processing fear and associative learning.