The Road to European Integration
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Questions and Answers

What was the aim of the Council of Europe as defined in Article 1(a) of its Statute?

  • To create binding international treaties
  • To achieve greater unity between European states (correct)
  • To establish a European Union
  • To promote national sovereignty

    • What was the primary reason for the modest normative output of the Council of Europe compared to the European Union?

  • Its mode of operation (correct)
  • Lack of interest from Member States
  • Lack of funding
  • Opposition from Eastern European states

    • What is the main focus of the Council of Europe nowadays?

  • The pursuit of peace based upon justice and international co-operation
  • The establishment of binding international treaties
  • The protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe (correct)
  • The promotion of economic and social progress

    • What is the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR)?

    <p>An international treaty adopted under the aegis of the Council of Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remit of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Very wide, covering a cornucopia of subject matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of operation of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Proceeds primarily either by means of (non-binding) conclusions or recommendations to its Member States or by providing a forum for and encouraging the conclusion of (binding) international treaties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)?

    <p>A machinery for the enforcement of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Council of Europe as defined in Article 1(a) of its Statute?

    <p>To achieve greater unity between European states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the modest normative output of the Council of Europe compared to the European Union?

    <p>Its mode of operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Council of Europe nowadays?

    <p>The protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR)?

    <p>An international treaty adopted under the aegis of the Council of Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remit of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Very wide, covering a cornucopia of subject matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of operation of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Proceeds primarily either by means of (non-binding) conclusions or recommendations to its Member States or by providing a forum for and encouraging the conclusion of (binding) international treaties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)?

    <p>A machinery for the enforcement of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Council of Europe as defined in Article 1(a) of its Statute?

    <p>To achieve greater unity between its members for the purpose of safeguarding and realizing the ideals and principles which are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for the less consensus on the forms cooperation between European States should take?

    <p>Strong British opposition to anything other than an intergovernmental format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remit of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Very wide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most successful area of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Protection of fundamental rights, chiefly through the adoption of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of operation of the Council of Europe?

    <p>Proceeds primarily either by means of (non-binding) conclusions or recommendations to its Member States or by providing a forum for and encouraging the conclusion of (binding) international treaties (usually referred to as “conventions”) by those states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)?

    <p>A machinery for the enforcement of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (ECHR) through the European Court of Human Rights sitting in Strasbourg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view expressed in the preamble to the Statute of the Council of Europe?

    <p>To bring European States into closer association is important for the pursuit of peace based upon justice and international co-operation and the preservation of human society and civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

    <p>To ensure French security from Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the establishment of a common “High Authority” to supervise both French and German coal and steel production?

    <p>Robert Schuman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the composition of the countries that established the ECSC?

    <p>France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Italy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Court of Justice of the ECSC?

    <p>To act as a dedicated jurisdiction for the ECSC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main power of the High Authority in the ECSC?

    <p>To supervise both French and German coal and steel production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Assembly in the ECSC?

    <p>To act as a consultative body for national parliaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ultimate goal of the ECSC according to Jean Monnet?

    <p>To be a first step towards comprehensive European integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

    <p>To establish close cooperation between France and Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the establishment of the ECSC?

    <p>Robert Schuman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries were involved in the establishment of the ECSC?

    <p>France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Italy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the High Authority in the ECSC?

    <p>To supervise both French and German coal and steel production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Court of Justice of the ECSC responsible for?

    <p>As a dedicated jurisdiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Assembly in the ECSC?

    <p>To have a consultative role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ultimate goal of the ECSC according to Jean Monnet?

    <p>Comprehensive European integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Birth of the European Union: The European Coal and Steel Community

    • The Treaty of Paris in 1951 established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the first step towards the European Union.
    • The Treaty of Paris reconciled French and American/British objectives to allow economic development in West Germany while minimizing the risk of a threat to French security from Germany.
    • The supervision instituted after the war by the Allies over coal and steel production in Germany was to be maintained for as long as possible.
    • The French foreign minister, Robert Schuman, proposed a common “High Authority” to supervise both French and German coal and steel production, inviting other European countries to join the initiative.
    • The ECSC aimed to establish close cooperation on a foot of equality between France and Germany while allaying French fears of a revival of German militarism.
    • The ECSC's aims were overwhelmingly political rather than economic, but its central aim was to encourage competition and cross-border trade in coal and steel for more efficient production and cheaper prices.
    • The ECSC was established by France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Italy.
    • The High Authority was the most powerful institution in the ECSC, with members appointed by the Member States but independent of them.
    • The Court of Justice of the ECSC was created as a dedicated jurisdiction.
    • The Assembly made up of representatives of national parliaments and the Council of Ministers made up of representatives of national governments had less power and more of a consultative role.
    • The ECSC was a departure from the standard model for international organizations, which were primarily intergovernmental.
    • The ECSC was not conceived as an end in itself but as a first step towards comprehensive European integration, according to its intellectual father, Jean Monnet.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the initial steps towards European integration in the aftermath of WWII with this quiz. Learn about the diplomatic and political efforts made by Western European states towards greater cooperation and the motivations behind them. Keywords: European integration, post WWII period, cooperation, inter-state conflict, Soviet bloc.

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