The Rise of Distributed Computing and Peer-to-Peer Networks

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary outcome of the global network that emerged during the mass adoption phase?

  • Increased reliance on central authorities
  • A centralized hub for all computing resources
  • Decentralization and resource sharing (correct)
  • A limited access to computing resources

What was the main benefit of distributed computing?

  • Limiting access to computing resources
  • Introducing a single point of failure
  • Optimizing performance and efficiency (correct)
  • Reducing the power of individual machines

What characteristic of cloud computing enabled scalability and flexibility?

  • Virtualization (correct)
  • Centralization
  • Limited resource allocation
  • Reduced on-demand access

What was the primary advantage of peer-to-peer networks?

<p>Promoting decentralization and resilience (B)</p>
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What was the key feature of the new era of computing that emerged?

<p>Harnessing the collective power of multiple machines (D)</p>
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What is the number of defined routines in the basic MPI-1 implementation?

<p>around 100 (B)</p>
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What is the primary difference between SIMD and SPMD?

<p>There is no difference between SIMD and SPMD (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of a communicator in MPI?

<p>to enable communication between processes (A)</p>
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What is the difference between a synchronous send and an asynchronous send?

<p>A synchronous send waits for the message to be received, while an asynchronous send does not (C)</p>
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What is the purpose of the MPI_COMM_WORLD communicator?

<p>to initialize the MPI environment (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of the rank identifier in MPI?

<p>to provide a unique identifier for each process within a communicator (A)</p>
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What is an alternative name for the 'master' node in MPI documentation?

<p>Controller node (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of the user-defined 'tag' in MPI communication?

<p>To allow the receiver to understand the message content (D)</p>
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What does MPI_ANY_SOURCE indicate in MPI communication?

<p>The receiver does not know the sender's process rank (D)</p>
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What is the minimum information required by the sender in MPI communication?

<p>Receiver's process rank, data type, and user-defined tag (A)</p>
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What is the analogy used to describe MPI data communication?

<p>Email exchange (A)</p>
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What is the significance of a 'rank' in MPI communication?

<p>It is only defined within a specific communicator (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of the dest parameter in the MPI_SEND function?

<p>To specify the rank of the target process in the communicator (B)</p>
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What is the role of the tag in the MPI_SEND function?

<p>To specify a user-defined 'type' for the message (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of the MPI_ANY_TAG constant?

<p>To match any tag (C)</p>
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What is the role of the send buffer in point-to-point messaging?

<p>To hold the data to be sent (C)</p>
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What is the role of the receive buffer in point-to-point messaging?

<p>To store the incoming data (B)</p>
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What is the nature of the MPI_SEND function?

<p>Blocking, the function returns after the message is sent to the system (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of the MPI_RECV function?

<p>To wait for a matching message from the system (C)</p>
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What is the significance of MPI_ANY_SOURCE in the MPI_RECV function?

<p>It allows the message to be received from any source (C)</p>
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What is the purpose of the status structure in the MPI_RECV function?

<p>To provide further information about the received message (C)</p>
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What is the consequence of receiving more than count occurrences of the datatype in the MPI_RECV function?

<p>It is an error (C)</p>
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Where can MPI programs run?

<p>Either on the same computer or on other computers (B)</p>
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What percentage of the module marks does the Portfolio assessment account for?

<p>100% (A)</p>
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