The Rise of Distributed Computing and Peer-to-Peer Networks

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What was the primary outcome of the global network that emerged during the mass adoption phase?

Increased reliance on central authorities

A centralized hub for all computing resources

Decentralization and resource sharing (correct)

A limited access to computing resources

What was the main benefit of distributed computing?

Limiting access to computing resources

Introducing a single point of failure

Optimizing performance and efficiency (correct)

Reducing the power of individual machines

What characteristic of cloud computing enabled scalability and flexibility?

Virtualization (correct)

Centralization

Limited resource allocation

Reduced on-demand access

What was the primary advantage of peer-to-peer networks?

Promoting decentralization and resilience (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the key feature of the new era of computing that emerged?

Harnessing the collective power of multiple machines (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of defined routines in the basic MPI-1 implementation?

around 100 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between SIMD and SPMD?

There is no difference between SIMD and SPMD (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a communicator in MPI?

to enable communication between processes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a synchronous send and an asynchronous send?

A synchronous send waits for the message to be received, while an asynchronous send does not (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MPI_COMM_WORLD communicator?

to initialize the MPI environment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rank identifier in MPI?

to provide a unique identifier for each process within a communicator (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative name for the 'master' node in MPI documentation?

Controller node (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the user-defined 'tag' in MPI communication?

To allow the receiver to understand the message content (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does MPI_ANY_SOURCE indicate in MPI communication?

The receiver does not know the sender's process rank (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum information required by the sender in MPI communication?

Receiver's process rank, data type, and user-defined tag (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the analogy used to describe MPI data communication?

Email exchange (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a 'rank' in MPI communication?

It is only defined within a specific communicator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dest parameter in the MPI_SEND function?

To specify the rank of the target process in the communicator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tag in the MPI_SEND function?

To specify a user-defined 'type' for the message (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MPI_ANY_TAG constant?

To match any tag (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the send buffer in point-to-point messaging?

To hold the data to be sent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the receive buffer in point-to-point messaging?

To store the incoming data (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the MPI_SEND function?

Blocking, the function returns after the message is sent to the system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MPI_RECV function?

To wait for a matching message from the system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of MPI_ANY_SOURCE in the MPI_RECV function?

It allows the message to be received from any source (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the status structure in the MPI_RECV function?

To provide further information about the received message (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of receiving more than count occurrences of the datatype in the MPI_RECV function?

It is an error (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where can MPI programs run?

Either on the same computer or on other computers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the module marks does the Portfolio assessment account for?

100% (A) Signup and view all the answers