The Rise and Fall of Ancient Rome

• The end of the Roman Republic was marked by conflicts between generals vying for power.
• Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC and his successor Octavian founded the Roman Empire in 27 BC.
• Augustus retained key positions and titles, and the appearance of republican institutions were maintained.
• The Pax Romana brought peace within the Empire and expansion outside of it during the 1st century.
• Threats from external and internal sources re-emerged in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.
• Caracalla granted Roman citizenship to all free men in the Empire in 212.
• Diocletian established the tetrarchy in the late 3rd century to protect the Empire from external threats.
• Constantinople was founded as the new capital of the Empire by Emperor Constantine in the 4th century.
• Theodosius imposed Christianity on the Empire in 380 and his death in 395 led to the division of the Empire between his sons.
• The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 while the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) lasted until 1453.

From the end of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, this quiz covers the major events and figures that shaped the history of ancient Rome. Test your knowledge on the conflicts, emperors, and reforms that defined the Roman Empire, and discover how it rose to power and ultimately declined. Keywords: Roman Republic, Julius Caesar, Augustus, Pax Romana, Caracalla, Diocletian, Constantinople, Theodosius, Western Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire