Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of 'affect' in the context of affective primacy?
What is the role of 'affect' in the context of affective primacy?
- A memory of a past emotion which makes us react the same way.
- Brief feelings that prepare us to approach or avoid something. (correct)
- A complex emotion that requires extensive cognitive processing.
- A set of rational beliefs that influence decision-making.
Which of the following best describes Wilhelm Wundt's contribution to the understanding of affective primacy?
Which of the following best describes Wilhelm Wundt's contribution to the understanding of affective primacy?
- He established the 'mere exposure effect'.
- He formulated that affective reactions happen instantly, upon noticing something. (correct)
- He revived the idea that people are objective processors of information.
- He developed advertising strategies based on affective reactions.
What was Robert Zajonc's primary criticism of the prevailing view of psychologists before his revival of affective primacy?
What was Robert Zajonc's primary criticism of the prevailing view of psychologists before his revival of affective primacy?
- That people react differently to similar stimulus.
- That people are rational processors who only react to objects after perceiving and categorizing objects. (correct)
- That people act in the same way to different stimulus.
- That people are primarily driven by emotional impulses rather than rational thought.
In Zajonc's experiments, what was the key finding regarding repeated exposure to stimuli such as Japanese pictograms?
In Zajonc's experiments, what was the key finding regarding repeated exposure to stimuli such as Japanese pictograms?
What is the 'mere exposure effect,' as described by Zajonc?
What is the 'mere exposure effect,' as described by Zajonc?
What are the two processes in the 'dual-process' model that Zajonc urged psychologists to consider?
What are the two processes in the 'dual-process' model that Zajonc urged psychologists to consider?
Why does affect have 'primacy' in the dual-process model?
Why does affect have 'primacy' in the dual-process model?
How can affective primacy be useful in advertising?
How can affective primacy be useful in advertising?
What is the primary function of animal brains in determining behavior?
What is the primary function of animal brains in determining behavior?
What is the main idea behind the warnings from sages about self-righteousness?
What is the main idea behind the warnings from sages about self-righteousness?
In the context of moral psychology, what does the author suggest about altering stories?
In the context of moral psychology, what does the author suggest about altering stories?
What does the author mean when they say, 'Elephants rule, although they are sometimes open to persuasion by riders'?
What does the author mean when they say, 'Elephants rule, although they are sometimes open to persuasion by riders'?
What is the relationship between intuition and reasoning according to the text?
What is the relationship between intuition and reasoning according to the text?
What concept is exemplified by both Jesus's teaching about 'the speck in your neighbor's eye' and Buddha's analogy of the gambler concealing dice?
What concept is exemplified by both Jesus's teaching about 'the speck in your neighbor's eye' and Buddha's analogy of the gambler concealing dice?
How does the author describe the speed and conviction with which they lied to their wife?
How does the author describe the speed and conviction with which they lied to their wife?
What does the author claim to have realized after twenty years of studying moral psychology?
What does the author claim to have realized after twenty years of studying moral psychology?
What is the ancient function of the insula, formerly known as the 'gustatory cortex', common to all mammals?
What is the ancient function of the insula, formerly known as the 'gustatory cortex', common to all mammals?
According to the content, what is the 'electrode' called that can be used to control the elephant (affecting the moral compass of the individual)?
According to the content, what is the 'electrode' called that can be used to control the elephant (affecting the moral compass of the individual)?
In Alex Jordan's experiment at Stanford, what was the independent variable manipulated to influence moral judgments?
In Alex Jordan's experiment at Stanford, what was the independent variable manipulated to influence moral judgments?
What does Jerry Clore's concept of 'affect as information' suggest about decision-making?
What does Jerry Clore's concept of 'affect as information' suggest about decision-making?
According to the passage, what is the primary limitation of the 'thinking system' (the rider) in influencing behavior?
According to the passage, what is the primary limitation of the 'thinking system' (the rider) in influencing behavior?
Which action, according to the content, can subtly influence moral judgments without explicitly triggering feelings of disgust?
Which action, according to the content, can subtly influence moral judgments without explicitly triggering feelings of disgust?
In the context of the 'rider and elephant' analogy, what does the rider's behavior when the elephant leans left signify?
In the context of the 'rider and elephant' analogy, what does the rider's behavior when the elephant leans left signify?
What controversial issues were used in the pedestrian intersection survey?
What controversial issues were used in the pedestrian intersection survey?
What other research example supported Alex's conclusion?
What other research example supported Alex's conclusion?
What is the main conclusion drawn from the 'affective priming' experiment described in the passage?
What is the main conclusion drawn from the 'affective priming' experiment described in the passage?
Which explanation best describes 'affect as information'?
Which explanation best describes 'affect as information'?
In the affective priming experiment, why does it take longer to make a value judgment when 'hate' primes 'sunshine'?
In the affective priming experiment, why does it take longer to make a value judgment when 'hate' primes 'sunshine'?
According to Zajonc, what is the relationship between thinking and feeling in everyday life?
According to Zajonc, what is the relationship between thinking and feeling in everyday life?
How quickly does the 'flash' of affect kick in, according to the passage?
How quickly does the 'flash' of affect kick in, according to the passage?
In the 'affective priming' experiment, what happens if a second word with the same valence is seen within the brief window of time?
In the 'affective priming' experiment, what happens if a second word with the same valence is seen within the brief window of time?
How long does the 'flash' of affect last for, assuming there is no other external influence?
How long does the 'flash' of affect last for, assuming there is no other external influence?
According to the study described, which type of moral judgment is more likely to be driven by gut feelings?
According to the study described, which type of moral judgment is more likely to be driven by gut feelings?
In Greene's study, what was the key difference between stories involving 'personal harm' and 'impersonal harm'?
In Greene's study, what was the key difference between stories involving 'personal harm' and 'impersonal harm'?
What methodology did Greene use to gather data on moral decision-making processes?
What methodology did Greene use to gather data on moral decision-making processes?
According to Greene's findings, which brain regions showed greater activity when people considered scenarios involving personal harm?
According to Greene's findings, which brain regions showed greater activity when people considered scenarios involving personal harm?
What was the primary goal of Greene's study on moral decision-making?
What was the primary goal of Greene's study on moral decision-making?
What implications can you infer from this study regarding moral philosophy?
What implications can you infer from this study regarding moral philosophy?
What is the significance of the fMRI scanner in Greene's experiment?
What is the significance of the fMRI scanner in Greene's experiment?
What is a possible critique of a study such as Greene's?
What is a possible critique of a study such as Greene's?
In the study described, what was the primary manipulation used to influence participants' moral judgments?
In the study described, what was the primary manipulation used to influence participants' moral judgments?
What was the unexpected finding concerning the story about student council president Dan?
What was the unexpected finding concerning the story about student council president Dan?
The study used a story about a congressman to investigate which concept?
The study used a story about a congressman to investigate which concept?
What explanation did subjects give when condemning Dan's morally neutral actions?
What explanation did subjects give when condemning Dan's morally neutral actions?
In the context of the provided text, what does the phrase 'intuitions come first' imply?
In the context of the provided text, what does the phrase 'intuitions come first' imply?
The author's realization about his reaction to his wife’s criticism illustrates which key point from the described research?
The author's realization about his reaction to his wife’s criticism illustrates which key point from the described research?
What was the purpose of varying 'takes bribes' and 'often bribed' in the story about the congressman?
What was the purpose of varying 'takes bribes' and 'often bribed' in the story about the congressman?
Based on the study's findings, how might public figures attempt to manipulate moral judgments?
Based on the study's findings, how might public figures attempt to manipulate moral judgments?
Flashcards
Social Intuitionist Model
Social Intuitionist Model
A theory suggesting moral judgments are primarily based on intuitions, not reasoning.
Moral Judgments
Moral Judgments
Evaluations of actions as right or wrong based on personal or societal standards.
Flash of Negativity
Flash of Negativity
An immediate negative emotional response that influences judgment.
Gut Feelings
Gut Feelings
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Justification of Judgments
Justification of Judgments
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Example of Dan’s Story
Example of Dan’s Story
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Psychological Fabrication
Psychological Fabrication
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Disgust in Moral Judgment
Disgust in Moral Judgment
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Strategic Reasoning
Strategic Reasoning
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Self-Righteousness
Self-Righteousness
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Automatic Self-Righteousness
Automatic Self-Righteousness
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Instant Brain Evaluations
Instant Brain Evaluations
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Approach or Avoid
Approach or Avoid
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Moral Psychology
Moral Psychology
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Fault Recognition
Fault Recognition
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Affective Primacy
Affective Primacy
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Affect
Affect
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Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
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Robert Zajonc
Robert Zajonc
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Mere Exposure Effect
Mere Exposure Effect
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Dual-Process Model
Dual-Process Model
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Cognitive Evaluation
Cognitive Evaluation
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Primacy of Feeling
Primacy of Feeling
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Insula Function
Insula Function
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Disgust Influence
Disgust Influence
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Affect as Information
Affect as Information
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Environmental Influence
Environmental Influence
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Moral Decision-Making
Moral Decision-Making
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Electrode Analogy
Electrode Analogy
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Taste and People
Taste and People
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Bitter vs Sweet Impact
Bitter vs Sweet Impact
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Greene's Hunch
Greene's Hunch
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Personal Harm Stories
Personal Harm Stories
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Impersonal Harm Stories
Impersonal Harm Stories
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Emotional Processing Regions
Emotional Processing Regions
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fMRI Study
fMRI Study
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Negative Affective Flash
Negative Affective Flash
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Moral Judgment Prediction
Moral Judgment Prediction
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Dilemma Comparison
Dilemma Comparison
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Rider and Elephant
Rider and Elephant
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Affective Reactions
Affective Reactions
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Affective Priming
Affective Priming
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Speed of Affect
Speed of Affect
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Social Judgment Intuition
Social Judgment Intuition
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Priming Effect Duration
Priming Effect Duration
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Evaluation Response Time
Evaluation Response Time
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Emotional Leaning
Emotional Leaning
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Study Notes
The Righteous Mind
- The author discusses moral intuitions as coming first, followed by strategic reasoning
- Intuitionism is presented as a possible answer to moral psychology questions
- The author describes a personal experience of dishonesty
- The author discusses the social intuitionist model
- The first principle is that intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second
- A study using hypnosis to demonstrate the model is detailed (subjects were given a word to associate with disgust, increasing their moral judgments)
- The study showed that people were more likely to condemn a person when presented with a "disgust" word embedded in a story (even if no moral violation was present).
- This points to a limitation in the power of intuition
- The concept of "affective primacy", where affect reactions precede other thoughts, is introduced
- This effect causes people to react to something intuitively before determining its source.
- Example of how people use instant gut reactions or intuitions instead of facts or logic.
- The "elephant and rider" metaphor is discussed, with the elephant representing intuitive feelings and the rider representing deliberate reasoning
- Affective reactions are instant and automatic; they influence gut responses to various things.
- Moral judgments aren't simply intellectual—they involve strong emotions and intuitive reactions.
- Moral or political judgments are greatly influenced by intuition.
- Moral judgments occur rapidly and intuitively, relying on ingrained affective reactions, not simply intellectual analysis.
- An intuitive response is often made before the conscious mind has a chance to analyze the situation.
- The author describes brain studies showing the roles of emotion and reason in moral judgments
- People are more likely to agree with an attractive person.
- People use gut feelings for making moral judgments, but this intuition can be manipulated.
- Studies demonstrate that moral judgments involve instantaneous intuitive evaluation of situations.
- The brain's automatic emotional reactions influence moral decisions.
- Psychopathy is characterized by a lack of moral emotions but intact cognitive functions.
- Psychopaths use reasoning but are devoid of moral emotions.
Babies Feel But Don't Reason
- Babies are born with knowledge of physics and mechanics.
- Babies are surprised by impossible events.
- Infants show innate ability to make social judgments.
- Infants prefer helpful puppets to harmful ones (preference for kindness demonstrated in infancy).
Affective Reactions Are In The Right Place
- The author discusses research on brain-damaged patients, indicating that people who lost their emotional areas of the brain had problems with moral judgment.
- The research demonstrates that moral areas of the brain are the proper places to look for morality foundations
- Damasio's work on brain-damaged patients is mentioned in relation to emotions influencing moral judgment.
- Moral judgments rely on emotional processing in the brain.
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