The Respiratory System Quiz

The process by which the body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

The primary organ of the respiratory system, responsible for gas exchange.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood.

The passageway for air from the nose and mouth to the lungs.

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood.

The process of transporting oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the body's cells and carbon dioxide-rich blood from the cells to the lungs.

The ability of the respiratory system to adapt to changes in oxygen demand, such as during exercise.

The external nose is the part of the nose you can see, consisting of cartilage and bone. It helps shape and support the nose.

The nasal cavity is the inside of the nose, divided by the septum into two chambers. It is lined with epithelium, which helps filter and humidify the air.

Cilia are hair-like structures that line the respiratory epithelium. They help to remove mucus and debris from the nasal cavity by sweeping them toward the throat.

The palate is a bony structure that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity, allowing you to breathe while eating or talking.

Goblet cells and glands secrete mucus in the nasal cavity, which traps inhaled particles like bacteria and dust. This protects the respiratory system from infection.

The nasal cavity warms and humidifies inhaled air, making it ideal for the lungs. This helps to prevent damage to the delicate lung tissues.

The respiratory tract includes the nose and its cavities, which filter and prepare air for the lungs. It also houses the olfactory epithelium involved in smell.

Mast cells in the lungs release heparin, a substance that prevents blood clots from forming in the blood vessels.

A cartilaginous structure located below the laryngopharynx, connecting the pharynx to the trachea. It regulates the amount of air entering and exiting the lungs.

A flap of tissue that guards the superior opening of the larynx, preventing food and drink from entering the airway.

The trachea is a rigid tube, about 12 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter, extending from the larynx towards the lungs. It's located anterior to the esophagus.

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage provide structural support to the trachea, preventing it from collapsing.

A muscle that helps to adjust airflow in the trachea by contracting or relaxing, also allowing for the expansion of the esophagus when swallowing.

A type of epithelium lining the trachea and larynx, composed of ciliated columnar cells, which help remove debris from the airways.

The right and left primary bronchi are the two branches of the trachea, each one supplying air to a corresponding lung.

The lungs are cone-shaped organs, each with a broad base resting on the diaphragm and a peak called the apex, located above the clavicle.

The thin barrier in the lungs where oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air.

Asthma is a chronic lung condition marked by inflammation and swelling in the airways, leading to bronchospasm (airway narrowing) and increased mucus production.

Things like dust, weather changes, smoke, infections, exercise, and stress can trigger an asthma attack.

The main symptoms of an asthma attack include coughing, shortness of breath (wheezing), and tightness in the chest.

This is a condition where the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, making it difficult for air to travel in and out of the lungs.

The structure and functional unit of the lung where gas exchange occurs.

These bronchioles mark the beginning of the respiratory division and are less than 1 mm in diameter.

These are elongated, thin-walled passages that end in alveolar sacs. They are part of the respiratory unit.

These are clusters of alveoli, where gas exchange takes place.

These are like pouches where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood.

They form the majority of the alveolar epithelium and are responsible for gas exchange.

They secrete surfactant, a substance that helps keep the alveoli open.

It's a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing.

The point where structures like bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter the lung.

The combined structures entering the lung through the hilum, including bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

A small indentation on the left lung that accommodates the heart's position.

A serous membrane encasing each lung, consisting of two layers: the visceral layer attached to the lung and the parietal layer attached to the chest wall.

The narrow space between the two layers of the pleura, containing a thin film of serous fluid.

A fluid secreted by the visceral layer of the pleura, found in the intrapleural space. It lubricates the lung's movement and helps create negative pressure.

The trachea (windpipe) and the bronchi, a highly branched system of air tubes that carry air from the trachea to the lungs.