The Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory membrane?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To protect the lungs from infection
  • To facilitate the exchange of gases (correct)
  • To support the structure of the alveoli

    • Which of the following conditions are primarily associated with asthma?

  • Excessive mucus secretion and bronchospasms (correct)
  • Altered blood pH and respiratory alkalosis
  • Increase in lung capacity
  • Fluid accumulation in the lungs

    • What is the average thickness of the respiratory membrane?

  • 0.5 μ (correct)
  • 0.2 μ
  • 0.8 μ
  • 1.0 μ

    • What triggers bronchospasms during an asthma attack?

    <p>Cold weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in the immune response related to asthma?

    <p>Eosinophils and mononuclear cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together?

    <p>They supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structures are included in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important function does the respiratory system perform aside from gas exchange?

    <p>Regulates the body's acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Breaking down food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system serves primarily as an air distributor?

    <p>Bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to filtering air, what else does the respiratory system do?

    <p>Humidifies the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the respiratory system influence heart rate?

    <p>By triggering autonomic adjustments based on blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT associated with the nose?

    <p>Regulating blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mast cells in the lungs play?

    <p>They secrete heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is converted by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)?

    <p>Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nasal cavity is lined with respiratory epithelium?

    <p>The entire nasal cavity except the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a runny nose in cold weather?

    <p>Slowed cilia movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

    <p>Palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nasal mucosa?

    <p>To trap inhaled particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the external nose?

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many secondary bronchi are there in the right lung?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of a terminal bronchiole?

    <p>1 mm or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of type I alveolar cells?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the terminal portion of the respiratory tract?

    <p>Respiratory unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the respiratory unit?

    <p>Tertiary bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of type II alveolar cells?

    <p>Secretion of alveolar fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the alveolar ducts?

    <p>Simple squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antrum located within?

    <p>Alveolar sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the larynx?

    <p>Keeping food and drink out of the airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage is NOT one of the three large pieces forming the major structure of the larynx?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the epiglottis function during swallowing?

    <p>It directs food and drink into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is the trachealis muscle classified as?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lining is found within the trachea?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the trachea branch into at its inferior end?

    <p>Primary bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature differentiates the basic structure of a lung?

    <p>Apex and base configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the trachea located in relation to the esophagus?

    <p>In front of the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures enter the lung through the hilum?

    <p>Bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the left lung have?

    <p>Two lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intrapleural fluid?

    <p>To function as a lubricant and create intrapleural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by air accumulation in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the right bronchus from the left bronchus?

    <p>The right bronchus is wider and more vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the pleura is attached directly to the surface of the lungs?

    <p>Visceral layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the lobes of the right lung?

    <p>Fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the tracheobronchial tree extend from?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
    • This close functional and spatial relationship makes them often considered jointly as the cardiopulmonary system.
    • Respiratory system function as both an air distributor and a gas exchanger enabling oxygen to reach cells.
    • The system circulates air and blood for gas exchange, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • The respiratory system also warms, humidifies, and filters the air breathed.
    • It plays a role in producing sounds and sensing smell.
    • The respiratory system helps regulate the body's acid-base balance through its close interaction with the urinary and cardiovascular systems.

    Respiratory Tract Anatomy

    • The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower portions with structures from the nose to the vocal cords and lungs respectively.
    • The nose plays a role in warming, filtering, humidifying, and detecting incoming air odors.
    • The external nose, including frontal bone, nasal bones, and cartilages, contributes to its function.
    • The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two sections.
    • The pharynx is a funnel-shaped tube connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.
    • The larynx or voice box is responsible for sound production and preventing food from entering the airway.
    • The trachea/windpipe, a tube of hyaline cartilage, carries air between the larynx and bronchi.
    • The bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles, eventually reaching alveoli, the gas exchange sites.

    Respiratory Functions

    • The nose is vital in sensing smell (olfaction), vocalization, and preventing dust particles from reaching the lungs through filtration processes.
    • Defense mechanisms involve cells like leukocytes, macrophages, mast cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells.
    • The respiratory system is essential for maintaining water and heat balance.
    • The system plays an important role in regulating the body's temperature and blood pressure.
    • It helps in preventing blood clotting.
    • The respiratory system produces angiotensin- converting enzyme.
    • The respiratory system plays an important role in the immune system.

    The Lung Structure

    • Each lung has a broad concave base and a blunt apex.
    • The lungs have a costal surface and a smaller mediastinal (concave) surface. Lung roots pass from the hilum, which contains bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
    • The left lung is smaller than the right, with a cardiac notch to accommodate the heart.

    The Pleura

    • The lung is enclosed by a bilayered pleural membrane.
    • The visceral layer is attached to the lung whereas the parietal to the thoracic cage.
    • The space between the two layers contains pleural fluid, creating a lubricating surface for reduction of friction.
    • The intrapleural fluid helps create negative pressure for lung expansion within the pleural cavity
    • Pleural cavity has the potential to fill with air, water, pus and or blood in certain abnormal conditions.

    The Tracheobronchial Tree

    • The trachea divides into two primary bronchi (right and left).
    • Each primary bronchus further branches into smaller bronchioles, becoming the smaller terminals for air flow/passage.
    • The right bronchus is more vertical than the left, sometimes causing inhaled objects to lodge there more frequently.
    • Tertiary bronchi divide repeatedly to form smaller structures.
    • Respiratory units are at the terminal portions of the respiratory tract, where gas exchange happens.
    • Respiratory unit can be made up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs.

    Alveoli

    • Alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries.
    • They consist of epithelial cells and participate in gas exchange.
    • Type I alveolar cells cover most of the alveolar surface, facilitating gas exchange.
    • Type II alveolar cells are responsible for producing surfactant.
    • Alveolar fluid and surfactant reduce surface tension within the sacs, preventing collapse.

    Clinical Correlation

    • Asthma is an inflammatory lung condition involving airway narrowing frequently seen in children.
    • Symptoms include coughing, breathlessness, and chest tightness.

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    Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the respiratory system. This quiz covers key aspects of how the respiratory system interacts with the cardiovascular system for gas exchange and its role in the body's acid-base balance. Dive into the details of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and their specific functions.

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