The Respiratory System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which equation represents the Fick equation for cardiac output?

$CO = HR \times SV$

$CO = HR \div SV$

$CO = SV \times HR$ (correct)

$CO = SV \div HR$

Which activity reviews cardiovascular changes occurring during exercise?

Activity 9.3 Pulmonary Ventilation During Exercise

Activity 9.1 Cardiovascular Response to Exercise (correct)

Activity 9.2 Cardiovascular Response Scenarios

Activity 9.4 Pulmonary Ventilation and Energy Metabolism

Which variable is measured during recovery after exercise?

Stroke volume

Heart rate

Ventilation (correct)

Cardiac output

Which of the following is true about maximal cardiac output?

It varies depending on body size and endurance training Signup and view all the answers

What is the major purpose of the increase in cardiac output during exercise?

To meet the muscles' increased demand for oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely limitation of O2max?

The inability of the heart to increase cardiac output further Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular response to acute exercise?

Increase in blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting heart rate (RHR) for most individuals?

60 to 80 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of cardiovascular adjustments during dynamic exercise?

To increase blood flow to working muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximal heart rate (HRmax)?

The highest HR value achieved during exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily determines O2max during maximal exercise?

SVmax Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor determining stroke volume (SV) during exercise?

Increased preload Signup and view all the answers

Which position results in higher resting SV values?

Supine position Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stroke volume (SV) and exercise intensity up to approximately 40% to 60% of O2max?

SV increases linearly with increasing exercise intensity Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is commonly used to estimate a person's predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) based on age?

HRmax = 220 - age Signup and view all the answers

What is the steady-state heart rate?

The optimal heart rate for meeting the circulatory demands at a specific rate of work Signup and view all the answers

What does a lower steady-state heart rate at a fixed exercise intensity indicate?

Better cardiorespiratory fitness Signup and view all the answers

What is heart rate variability?

A measure of the rhythmic fluctuation in heart rate due to changes in the sympathetic-parasympathetic balance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can contribute to an increase in stroke volume (SV) during exercise?

Decreased end-systolic volume (ESV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

CO = HR + SV Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic techniques have been used to determine how the heart chambers respond to increasing oxygen demands during exercise?

Echocardiography and radionuclide techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the Frank-Starling mechanism?

It has its greatest influence at higher exercise intensities Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence stroke volume during acute exercise?

Aortic or pulmonary artery pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pattern of stroke volume (SV) during exercise?

SV increases with increasing exercise intensity up to a certain point, then plateaus Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate increase in stroke volume (SV) from rest to maximal exercise in active but untrained individuals?

70 to 80 ml/beat Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of body position on stroke volume (SV) during exercise?

SV increases more in an upright position compared to a supine position Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Changes during Exercise

The Fick equation for cardiac output is: CO = VO2 / (a-vO2)
The activity that reviews cardiovascular changes during exercise is called exercise physiology
The variable measured during recovery after exercise is called excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Maximal Cardiac Output

Maximal cardiac output is the highest rate at which the heart can pump blood to meet the oxygen demands of the body during exercise
Maximal cardiac output is limited by the ability of the heart to pump blood, not by the ability of the lungs to take in oxygen
The major purpose of the increase in cardiac output during exercise is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscles

Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise

The likely limitation of O2max is the ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to the muscles
A decrease in peripheral resistance is NOT a cardiovascular response to acute exercise
The resting heart rate (RHR) for most individuals is between 60-100 beats per minute

Cardiovascular Adjustments during Exercise

The primary goal of cardiovascular adjustments during dynamic exercise is to maintain adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery to the muscles
Maximal heart rate (HRmax) is the highest heart rate achievable during exercise, and it decreases with age
HRmax can be estimated using the equation: 220 - age

Stroke Volume and Exercise

Stroke volume (SV) is primarily determined by preload, afterload, and contractility
SV increases during exercise due to an increase in preload and contractility, and a decrease in afterload
The upright position results in lower resting SV values compared to the supine position
SV increases with exercise intensity up to approximately 40% to 60% of O2max, and then plateaus

Heart Rate and Exercise

The steady-state heart rate is the heart rate achieved during prolonged exercise at a moderate intensity
A lower steady-state heart rate at a fixed exercise intensity indicates a higher level of cardiovascular fitness
Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation in time between heartbeats

Factors Affecting Stroke Volume

Factors that can contribute to an increase in SV during exercise include an increase in preload, contractility, and sympathetic nerve activity
Factors that do not influence SV during acute exercise include changes in afterload
The typical pattern of SV during exercise is an increase with exercise intensity up to approximately 40% to 60% of O2max, and then a plateau

Cardiac Output and Exercise

The formula for calculating cardiac output (CO) is: CO = HR x SV
Diagnostic techniques such as echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to determine how the heart chambers respond to increasing oxygen demands during exercise
The Frank-Starling mechanism is a mechanism that increases stroke volume in response to an increase in preload
The approximate increase in SV from rest to maximal exercise in active but untrained individuals is 20-40%

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system and its vital functions in this informative quiz. Explore the processes of pulmonary ventilation, diffusion, gas transport, and capillary diffusion.