The Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What triggers asthma symptoms?

Allergies, viral infections, or air pollution

What is the main symptom of acute bronchitis?

Cough

What is the primary cause of most lung cancer?

Smoking

Which bacteria cause tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of tuberculosis?

Chronic cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body while removing carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Name the three major parts of the respiratory system.

The airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which parts are included in the airway of the respiratory system?

The nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

The diaphragm acts as a pump, pushing air into and out of the lungs during breathing. Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

How many times does an adult normally breathe per minute?

About 16 times a minute. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain controls breathing?

The brainstem. Signup and view all the answers

What connects the pharynx to the trachea and contains the vocal cords?

The larynx. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of sports conditioning?

To improve fitness and sports performance Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress does conditioning and fitness impose on the body?

Muscular stress Signup and view all the answers

Which components are usually included in physical conditioning?

Power, strength, speed, balance, agility, coordination, and endurance Signup and view all the answers

Why do sportsmen and sportswomen put their body under stress?

To increase physical capabilities Signup and view all the answers

In what types of training is physical conditioning often included?

Athletic sports and exercise training Signup and view all the answers

How does regular physical activity affect the gut?

Regular physical activity stimulates the gut and prevents digestive problems. Signup and view all the answers

Why is increasing blood flow important for digestion?

It keeps the muscles in the digestive system moving and allows food to pass through quicker. Signup and view all the answers

What type of exercise is considered most beneficial for digestive health?

Yoga is one of the most beneficial exercises for digestive health. Signup and view all the answers

How does drinking water help the digestive system?

Water encourages waste to be passed through the digestive system and helps prevent constipation. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it better to choose mild to moderate exercise for digestive health?

Mild to moderate exercise may be better for the digestive system than vigorous workouts. Signup and view all the answers

What dietary change can improve digestive health?

Increasing fiber intake from a variety of foods can improve digestive health. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food and provide energy to the rest of the body. Signup and view all the answers

Why does your body need the digestive system to function properly?

The body needs the digestive system to break down and absorb nutrients from food and liquids to stay healthy and function properly. Signup and view all the answers

How does the mouth contribute to digestion?

The mouth contributes to digestion by chewing food into smaller pieces and mixing it with saliva to begin breaking it down. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the esophagus play in the digestive process?

The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach when you swallow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach in digestion?

The stomach holds food and mixes it with stomach enzymes to continue breaking it down into a usable form. Signup and view all the answers

What does the small intestine do in the digestive process?

The small intestine allows for movement, mixing, and pushing the mixture to help with further digestion. Signup and view all the answers

How does the large intestine contribute to digestion?

The large intestine continues breaking down food and changes waste material into stool. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?

The rectum receives stool from the colon and signals the need to go to the bathroom. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four components of basic fitness?

Strength, Stamina, Flexibility, Speed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of strength in the context of fitness?

The extent muscles can exert force by contracting against resistance. Signup and view all the answers

How can overloading in strength training be achieved?

By increasing the number of repetitions, the number of sets, or reducing recovery time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flexibility in fitness?

To achieve an extended range of motion without being stopped by excess tissue. Signup and view all the answers

List two methods of strength development mentioned in the text.

Weight training and circuit training. Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of endurance training?

To develop energy production systems to meet the demands of the event. Signup and view all the answers

Name the two types of endurance.

Aerobic Endurance and Anaerobic Endurance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endurance relies on energy production systems that supply the muscles with energy for contractions?

Both Aerobic and Anaerobic Endurance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of training develops energy production systems to meet the demands of specific events?

Endurance training Signup and view all the answers

What is the key chemical compound mentioned in the objective of endurance training?

Energy production systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.
Three major parts of the respiratory system: airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration.
Airway includes: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
Muscles of respiration include: diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Muscles of respiration act as a pump, pushing air in and out of the lungs during breathing.
Normal respiration rate is about 16 times a minute in an adult.
Breathing is controlled by the brainstem, regulating rate and depth of breathing based on blood carbon dioxide levels.

Respiratory System Parts

Nasal cavity: where air enters the respiratory system.
Pharynx: passageway for both food and air.
Larynx: connects pharynx to trachea, containing vocal cords.
Trachea: windpipe, carrying air from larynx to lungs.
Lungs: two large, sponge-like organs with tiny air sacs (alveoli) for gas exchange.
Bronchi: two tubes branching off of the trachea, carrying air to each lung.
Bronchioles: small branches of the bronchi leading to the alveoli.
Alveoli: tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
Diaphragm: dome-shaped muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities.

Respiratory System Conditions

Asthma: inflamed and spasming airways (bronchi) causing shortness of breath and wheezing.
Acute bronchitis: infection of the large airways, usually caused by a virus.
Lung cancer: cancer affecting almost any part of the lung, often caused by smoking.
Tuberculosis (TB): slowly progressive pneumonia caused by bacteria, symptoms include chronic cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.

Digestive System

The digestive system breaks down food and provides energy to the rest of the body.
Digestion is important for nutrients and staying healthy.
Main organs of the digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.
Each organ plays a role in breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food and liquids.

How Exercise Affects Digestion

Regular physical activity stimulates the gut, preventing digestive problems.
Exercise increases blood flow to all muscles, including those in the digestive system.
Five tips to aid digestion: get moving, eat a healthy well-balanced diet, drink plenty of water, choose gentle exercises, and incorporate yoga.

Training Programme

Sports Conditioning: conditioning and fitness is stress on the muscles to increase physical capabilities.
Physical conditioning includes multiple components: power, strength, speed, balance, agility, coordination, and endurance.
Basic Fitness: made up of four components - strength, stamina, flexibility, and speed.
Strength: extent muscles can exert force by contracting against resistance.
Stamina: muscles' ability to perform work continually.
Flexibility: ability to achieve an extended range of motion.
Speed: quickness of limb movement.

Type of Strength Training

Muscle strengthening requires overloading beyond normal usage.
Overloading achieved through: increasing repetitions, sets, or reducing recovery time.
Types of strength training: weight training, circuit training, plyometric training, and hill or harness running.

Sports Conditioning

Stamina or Endurance Training: developing energy production systems to meet the demands of the event.
Two types of endurance: aerobic endurance and anaerobic endurance.

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Description

Learn about the essential functions and components of the human respiratory system, including the airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration.