42 Questions
What triggers asthma symptoms?
Allergies, viral infections, or air pollution
What is the main symptom of acute bronchitis?
Cough
What is the primary cause of most lung cancer?
Smoking
Which bacteria cause tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What are common symptoms of tuberculosis?
Chronic cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body while removing carbon dioxide.
Name the three major parts of the respiratory system.
The airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.
Which parts are included in the airway of the respiratory system?
The nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?
The diaphragm acts as a pump, pushing air into and out of the lungs during breathing.
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
How many times does an adult normally breathe per minute?
About 16 times a minute.
Which part of the brain controls breathing?
The brainstem.
What connects the pharynx to the trachea and contains the vocal cords?
The larynx.
What is the primary purpose of sports conditioning?
To improve fitness and sports performance
What type of stress does conditioning and fitness impose on the body?
Muscular stress
Which components are usually included in physical conditioning?
Power, strength, speed, balance, agility, coordination, and endurance
Why do sportsmen and sportswomen put their body under stress?
To increase physical capabilities
In what types of training is physical conditioning often included?
Athletic sports and exercise training
How does regular physical activity affect the gut?
Regular physical activity stimulates the gut and prevents digestive problems.
Why is increasing blood flow important for digestion?
It keeps the muscles in the digestive system moving and allows food to pass through quicker.
What type of exercise is considered most beneficial for digestive health?
Yoga is one of the most beneficial exercises for digestive health.
How does drinking water help the digestive system?
Water encourages waste to be passed through the digestive system and helps prevent constipation.
Why is it better to choose mild to moderate exercise for digestive health?
Mild to moderate exercise may be better for the digestive system than vigorous workouts.
What dietary change can improve digestive health?
Increasing fiber intake from a variety of foods can improve digestive health.
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food and provide energy to the rest of the body.
Why does your body need the digestive system to function properly?
The body needs the digestive system to break down and absorb nutrients from food and liquids to stay healthy and function properly.
How does the mouth contribute to digestion?
The mouth contributes to digestion by chewing food into smaller pieces and mixing it with saliva to begin breaking it down.
What role does the esophagus play in the digestive process?
The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach when you swallow.
What is the function of the stomach in digestion?
The stomach holds food and mixes it with stomach enzymes to continue breaking it down into a usable form.
What does the small intestine do in the digestive process?
The small intestine allows for movement, mixing, and pushing the mixture to help with further digestion.
How does the large intestine contribute to digestion?
The large intestine continues breaking down food and changes waste material into stool.
What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?
The rectum receives stool from the colon and signals the need to go to the bathroom.
What are the four components of basic fitness?
Strength, Stamina, Flexibility, Speed.
What is the definition of strength in the context of fitness?
The extent muscles can exert force by contracting against resistance.
How can overloading in strength training be achieved?
By increasing the number of repetitions, the number of sets, or reducing recovery time.
What is the purpose of flexibility in fitness?
To achieve an extended range of motion without being stopped by excess tissue.
List two methods of strength development mentioned in the text.
Weight training and circuit training.
What is the objective of endurance training?
To develop energy production systems to meet the demands of the event.
Name the two types of endurance.
Aerobic Endurance and Anaerobic Endurance
Which type of endurance relies on energy production systems that supply the muscles with energy for contractions?
Both Aerobic and Anaerobic Endurance
Which type of training develops energy production systems to meet the demands of specific events?
Endurance training
What is the key chemical compound mentioned in the objective of endurance training?
Energy production systems
Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.
- Three major parts of the respiratory system: airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration.
- Airway includes: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
- Muscles of respiration include: diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
- Muscles of respiration act as a pump, pushing air in and out of the lungs during breathing.
- Normal respiration rate is about 16 times a minute in an adult.
- Breathing is controlled by the brainstem, regulating rate and depth of breathing based on blood carbon dioxide levels.
Respiratory System Parts
- Nasal cavity: where air enters the respiratory system.
- Pharynx: passageway for both food and air.
- Larynx: connects pharynx to trachea, containing vocal cords.
- Trachea: windpipe, carrying air from larynx to lungs.
- Lungs: two large, sponge-like organs with tiny air sacs (alveoli) for gas exchange.
- Bronchi: two tubes branching off of the trachea, carrying air to each lung.
- Bronchioles: small branches of the bronchi leading to the alveoli.
- Alveoli: tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
- Diaphragm: dome-shaped muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities.
Respiratory System Conditions
- Asthma: inflamed and spasming airways (bronchi) causing shortness of breath and wheezing.
- Acute bronchitis: infection of the large airways, usually caused by a virus.
- Lung cancer: cancer affecting almost any part of the lung, often caused by smoking.
- Tuberculosis (TB): slowly progressive pneumonia caused by bacteria, symptoms include chronic cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.
Digestive System
- The digestive system breaks down food and provides energy to the rest of the body.
- Digestion is important for nutrients and staying healthy.
- Main organs of the digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.
- Each organ plays a role in breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food and liquids.
How Exercise Affects Digestion
- Regular physical activity stimulates the gut, preventing digestive problems.
- Exercise increases blood flow to all muscles, including those in the digestive system.
- Five tips to aid digestion: get moving, eat a healthy well-balanced diet, drink plenty of water, choose gentle exercises, and incorporate yoga.
Training Programme
- Sports Conditioning: conditioning and fitness is stress on the muscles to increase physical capabilities.
- Physical conditioning includes multiple components: power, strength, speed, balance, agility, coordination, and endurance.
- Basic Fitness: made up of four components - strength, stamina, flexibility, and speed.
- Strength: extent muscles can exert force by contracting against resistance.
- Stamina: muscles' ability to perform work continually.
- Flexibility: ability to achieve an extended range of motion.
- Speed: quickness of limb movement.
Type of Strength Training
- Muscle strengthening requires overloading beyond normal usage.
- Overloading achieved through: increasing repetitions, sets, or reducing recovery time.
- Types of strength training: weight training, circuit training, plyometric training, and hill or harness running.
Sports Conditioning
- Stamina or Endurance Training: developing energy production systems to meet the demands of the event.
- Two types of endurance: aerobic endurance and anaerobic endurance.
Learn about the essential functions and components of the human respiratory system, including the airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration.
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