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Questions and Answers
What was the duration of Mahomad Shah's early reign as the ruler of Delhi?
Who was appointed as Wazir during Mahomad Shah's rule?
Which of the following leaders governed Bengal during Mahomad Shah's reign?
What position did Nizammulk hold during Mahomad Shah's rule?
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Which independent state was led by Badan Singh during Mahomad Shah’s reign?
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What was a significant consequence of the Third Battle of Panipat?
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Which of the following aspects of British economic policies had the most direct impact on Indian farmers?
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What was a primary focus of the Indian National Movement during the early 20th century?
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Which leader was primarily associated with revolutionary movements against British rule?
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What was a factor that led to the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885?
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What is the birth date of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire?
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Which book was authored by Shivaji's spiritual guru, Guru Ramdas?
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What significant event in Anglo-Maratha relations occurred on January 14, 1761?
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Who was Shivaji's father?
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Which fort did Shivaji capture in 1623 that marked a significant achievement for him?
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Shakurkheda in 1724?
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Why did Nadir Shah attack India in 1739?
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What title was given to Mohammad Shah, reflecting his character?
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What significant item did Nadir Shah acquire during his attack on Delhi?
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Who succeeded Mohammad Shah as ruler after his death in 1748?
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What significant action did Bahadur Shah I take during his reign?
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Which title did Muazzam adopt after defeating his brother in battle?
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What describes Jahander Shah's position as a ruler?
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Who referred to Bahadur Shah I as 'Shai Baikhabar'?
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Which of the following statements about Jahander Shah is true?
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Who played a significant role in placing Farukhsiyar on the throne of Delhi?
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What title was given to Chinqligh Khan when he was appointed as Subedar of Deccan?
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What was the purpose of the Treaty of Delhi concluded by Hussain Ali?
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What was Farukhsiyar's relationship with the British traders during his rule?
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What was the main consequence of Farukhsiyar's assassination on April 28, 1719?
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What was one condition of the Treaty of Purandar signed on June 24, 1665?
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What was the primary role of Raja Jai Singh during the events leading to the Treaty of Purandar?
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Which of the following was NOT part of the Treaty of Purandar?
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In which year did Shivaji loot the area of Surat, contributing to the conflict with the Mughals?
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What significant promise did Shivaji make concerning his relationship with the Mughal darbar after the Treaty of Purandar?
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What significant fort did Shivaji capture in 1646 AD?
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Which event marked the first major clash between Shivaji and Mughal forces?
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Which of the following was NOT a cause of conflict between Shivaji and Aurangzeb?
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What action did Aurangzeb take in 1660 AD to counter Shivaji’s influence?
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What role did Krishnji Bhaskar play in the events involving Shivaji and Aurangzeb?
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What was the immediate outcome of the Black Hole tragedy?
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Which of the following was a result of the Treaty of Alinagar?
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What role did Mirzafar play during the Battle of Plassey?
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When did the Treaty of Alinagar take place?
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What happened to the number of survivors from the Black Hole Tragedy?
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What factor contributed to Sirāj-ud-Dawlah's suspicion towards the British?
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Who was involved in the conspiracy against Sirāj-ud-Dawlah?
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What economic concerns did Sirāj-ud-Dawlah have regarding the British?
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What was the initial objective of the East India Company in India that contributed to rising tensions?
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What was Sirāj-ud-Dawlah's original name?
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Study Notes
The Reign of Mahomad Shah
- Mahomad Shah became the ruler of Delhi in 1719 with the support of the Saiyad brothers.
- He appointed Amin Khan as Wazir, a member of the Turani group.
- During his reign, independent states emerged: Bengal under Murshid Kuli Khan, Hyderabad under Nizamul-Mulkchinlich Khan, Awadh under Sadat Khan, Karnataka under Sadtulla Khan, and Bharatpur under Badan Singh.
- Nizamul-Mulk was appointed as the governor of Malwa and Gujrat, but his rising power led to Mohammad Shah appointing Mubarish Khan to suppress him.
- The Battle of Shakurkheda in 1724 resulted in Nizamul defeating Mubarish Khan, marking the establishment of Hyderabad as an independent state.
- The period saw the rise of Urdu and music, with Mohammad Shah known as Rangela.
- In 1739, Nadir Shah of Iran attacked India due to rebellions supported by Mohammad Shah.
- Nadir Shah defeated the Mughal army in the Battle of Karnal, after which he looted Delhi, acquiring 70 crores of wealth, including the Kohinoor diamond.
- Sadat Khan, the ruler of Awadh, advised Nadir Shah to attack Delhi, but ultimately committed suicide after failing to raise the 20 crore ransom demanded by Nadir Shah.
- Mohammad Shah died in 1748, succeeded by his son Ahmad Shah.
The Maratha Empire
- The Maratha empire rose under the leadership of Shivaji in the 17th century.
- Shivaji was born at Shivner Fort near Pune on April 28, 1627.
- His father was Shahaji Bhosle and his mother was Jija Bai.
- He was tutored by Dada Kon Dev and had Guru Ramdas as his spiritual guide.
- Shivaji's significant achievements include the capture of the Sinhagad fort in 1623 and the capture of Toran Fort and Rajgarh (Raigarh) in 1656, which became his capital.
- In 1657, Shivaji faced the first major clash with Mughal forces and in 1667 he conquered the Konkan region, including strategic forts like Lohaganj, Tikona, Supa, and Kondana.
The Causes of Conflict between Shivaji and Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb's ambitious expansionist policies led to clashes with Shivaji.
- Shivaji emerged as a charismatic leader with significant economic advantages, posing a threat to Aurangzeb's authority.
Aurangzeb's Response to Shivaji
- In 1660, Aurangzeb appointed Shishta Khan as the governor of South India to subdue Shivaji.
- He also appointed Abzal Khan to assassinate Shivaji, but the plan was thwarted by Shivaji's spy, Krishnji Bhaskar.
- Abzal Khan was ultimately assassinated by Shivaji.
Shivaji's Actions against the Mughals
- Shivaji attacked the Lal Mahal Palace, forcing Shishta Khan to escape.
The Treaty of Purandar
- In 1664, Shivaji looted Surat, prompting Aurangzeb to appoint Amir Fuulad Mirza and Raja Jai Singh to suppress him.
- Jai Singh captured the fort of Purandar, leading to the Treaty of Purandar on June 24, 1665.
- Through this treaty, Shivaji surrendered 23 forts to the Mughals, his son Sambhaji was granted a Mansabdari of 5000, and he promised to provide military assistance to the Mughal court.
- This treaty also saw Shivaji agree to stay at the Mughal court.
The Decline of Mughal Power
- In 1707, Aurangzeb died and Bahadur Shah I became the ruler.
- During his reign, he fought a war of succession against his brothers, Azam and Kambaksh, defeating them in the Battle of Jajau, where he adopted the title of Bahadur Shah I.
- He abolished Jaziya and pursued a policy of appeasement with the Rajputs.
- He faced challenges in maintaining cordial relations with Banda Bahadur, a Sikh leader.
- After his death in 1712, Jahander Shah, his son, succeeded him.
Jahander Shah's Reign (1712-1713)
- Jahander Shah became ruler after the assassination of Azimushan and Rafiushan.
- However, he was a puppet ruler, with all power vested in Zulfiqar Khan.
- Jahander Shah's corrupt rule and dependence on Lal Kunwar ultimately led to his downfall.
Farukhsiyar's Reign (1713-1719)
- Farukhsiyar ascended the throne with the support of the Saiyid brothers.
- He appointed Chinqligh Khan as Subedar of Deccan, bestowing the title of Nizamul-Mulk Khan upon him.
- He also appointed Abdusamad as Governor of Lahore to suppress Banda Bahadur, who was later assassinated.
- Farukhsiyar attempted to curb the Saiyid brothers' power with the help of Daud Khan, the Subedar of Gujrat, but this resulted in the assassination of Daud Khan.
The Treaty with Peshwas
- In 1719, Hussain Ali, a Saiyid brother, concluded a treaty with Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath.
- This Treaty of Delhi ensured the Marathas' right to collect Cauth (a fourth of the revenue) and Sardeshmukhi (a levy on land revenue) from Delhi.
- Farukhsiyar was assassinated on April 28, 1719, by Hussain Ali, marking a significant shift in Mughal power dynamics.
The Battle of Plassey
- Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal during the Battle of Plassey.
- The East India Company aimed to strengthen its political position in India, which led to conflicts with Siraj-ud-Daulah.
- The Company fortified Fort William without Siraj-ud-Daulah's permission, aggravating the situation.
- Siraj-ud-Daulah's suspicion of the British contributed to further tensions.
- A conspiracy against Siraj-ud-Daulah involving Shaukat Jung, Ghasiți Begum, and Mirzapur culminated in the defeat of Siraj-ud-Daulah's forces in the Battle of Manihari.
- Shaukat Jung was killed, and Ghasiți Begum was arrested.
- Siraj-ud-Daulah's efforts to prevent corruption in trade also strained relations with the Company.
The Black Hole Tragedy
- Siraj-ud-Daulah captured Kolkata and renamed it Alinagar.
- The Black Hole Tragedy took place where 146 men and women were imprisoned in a dark, poorly-ventilated room. Only 23 survived.
The Treaty of Alinagar
- The East India Company appointed Lord Clive to negotiate a treaty with Siraj-ud-Daulah.
- This treaty granted the Company trading rights and the right to fortify Fort William.
- It was signed on February 9, 1756.
The Battle of Plassey
- The battle took place on June 23, 1757, at Plassey in Nadia district of Bengal, near the Bhagirathi River.
- Before the battle, the East India Company secured the support of Mir Jafar.
- During the battle, Mir Jafar advised Clive to take action, contributing to the defeat of Siraj-ud-Daulah's forces.
- This battle marked a turning point in the British East India Company's dominance in India.
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Description
Explore the significant events and figures during the reign of Mahomad Shah in Delhi from 1719 to 1739. This quiz covers the establishment of independent states, pivotal battles, and cultural developments of the time, including the rise of Urdu and music. Test your knowledge on the socio-political changes that shaped India during this period.
