Public Disclosure Test: What is the Public Disclosure Test Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What causes executives to overlook serious wrongdoings in their company?

They are too busy to notice

They are not aware of the wrongdoings

It benefits them or the organization (correct)

They are not responsible for the wrongdoing

What is a common bias in people's perception of their contributions?

They think they contribute less than they do

They are accurate in their perception of their contributions

They are not aware of their contributions

They think they contribute more than they do (correct)

What is the main limitation of our ethical thinking?

It is not important in decision making

It is influenced by emotions

It has limitations (correct)

It is influenced by rational thinking

What is the second system of ethical decision making developed by Joshua Greene?

Deliberative system Signup and view all the answers

What is the strategy suggested by John Rawls to make more fair and just decisions?

Adapting the veil of ignorance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Test of Making Something Public?

To ensure that one's actions can withstand public scrutiny Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the Test of Ventilation?

To expose one's proposed actions to diverse opinions and critiques Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of the 'Greed' factor in the Test of the Big Four?

The desire to acquire more for personal benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the 'Speed' factor in the Test of the Big Four?

Cutting corners due to pressure of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation behind the 'Laziness' factor in the Test of the Big Four?

The tendency to take the easy course of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Test of Purified Idea?

To evaluate if an idea is acceptable because an authority figure says it's right Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for an ethical framework?

To be based on personal opinions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of recognizing an ethical issue?

To identify potential ethical issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an ethical approach grounded in philosophical thinking?

Legal approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the virtues approach to ethics?

To live up to one's best self Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where people intend to behave ethically, but are unable to do so due to various reasons?

Bounded ethicality Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of unethical behavior in organizations, according to studies?

Behavior of superiors Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive bias is exemplified when a person cheats and assumes they won't get caught because they think they are good people?

Motivated blindness Signup and view all the answers

What system of thinking is characterized by stoic and logical thinking, unemotionally weighing all options?

System 2 thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when people assume others are more capable of making ethical decisions than they actually are?

Motivated blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive bias is exemplified when a person judges the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to remember?

Availability heuristic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a person makes an unfair assumption about another person based on their group membership?

Stereotyping bias Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive bias is exemplified when a person decides to cheat because they think others are cheating?

Ostrich effect Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when trying to effectively communicate your values to others?

Considering the needs, desires, and emotional investments of your audience Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'dialogue' in the context of voicing your values?

A two-way communication that includes listening to others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of identifying 'reasons and rationalizations' in the workplace?

To uncover and address objections to your values Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of creating 'time and space' in this curriculum?

To create opportunities for voicing your values in a supportive environment Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to develop when encountering values conflicts in the workplace?

The ability to counter opposing arguments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethical Decision Making

Executives may unconsciously overlook wrongdoings in their company if it benefits them or the organization.
People often overestimate their contributions, which can lead to unethical behavior.
Our ethical thinking has limitations, and improving ethical decision making requires deliberate, rational decisions that maximize value.

Two-System View of Ethical Decision Making

According to Joshua Greene, there are two systems:
- Intuitive system: leads to impulsive decisions
- Deliberative system: leads to more ethical behavior
Two strategies for engaging the deliberative system:
1. Compare options, rather than looking at them one by one.
2. Use the "veil of ignorance" approach, as suggested by John Rawls, to make more fair and just decisions.

Ethical Tests

Test of Making Something Public (Disclosure Rule): consider how you would feel if others knew about your actions or decisions.
Test of Ventilation: expose your proposed action to others and get their thoughts before acting.
Test of Purified Idea: consider whether your idea is right because someone with authority says it is.
Test of the Big Four: avoid decisions motivated by greed, speed, laziness, and haziness.

Ethical Framework

An ethical framework should meet certain criteria, except for being dynamic.
The goal of an ethical framework is to make more expedient and faster decisions.

Ethical Approaches

Common good approach: focuses on making sure society benefits.
Virtues approach: focuses on living up to one's best self.
Rights approach: often associated with John Locke, focuses on individual rights.

Bounded Ethicality

Bounded ethicality refers to the difficulty of making ethical decisions due to cognitive biases and other limitations.

Cognitive Biases

Ostrich effect: avoiding bad news or uncomfortable situations.
Outcome bias: judging decisions based on their outcome, rather than the process.
Motivated blindness: behaving unethically out of self-interest.
Stereotyping bias: making assumptions based on group characteristics.
System 2 thinking: approaching problems with critical thinking and logic.

Voicing Values

To effectively voice your values, consider the needs and desires of others, and reframe "voice" as "dialogue" to include listening.
Use your most comfortable communication style, and be prepared to address "reasons and rationalizations" that may arise.

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Description

Evaluate your decisions and actions with the public disclosure test, a powerful tool to assess whether they can withstand scrutiny. Consider how you would feel if your choices were made public. This test helps you make ethical and confident decisions.

The Public Disclosure Test

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