Questions and Answers
What term describes substances that do not interact well with water?
What effect does water's high specific heat have on temperature changes during the day?
What is responsible for the high specific heat of water?
What is the term for a molecule that has electrically charged areas?
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What property allows water molecules to stick to each other?
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What type of bonds form between water molecules due to their polarity?
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What phenomenon is caused by the pulling force of polar molecules on the surface of water?
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Which property of water explains why small insects can walk on its surface?
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What causes raindrops to form round beads on surfaces?
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Which of the following best describes the tendency of water to stick to other substances?
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What is the term for a substance that repels water?
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What role does cohesion play in the movement of water within organisms?
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What does specific heat refer to in regards to a substance?
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Which statement about water's specific heat is true?
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What term describes the adhesion and cohesion effects that allow water to rise in narrow spaces?
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Which statement is true about polarly charged molecules?
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What is the primary characteristic of a water molecule that makes it polar?
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What are hydrogen bonds primarily responsible for in water?
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Which statement is true regarding the cohesion and adhesion properties of water?
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What is capillary action and how does it relate to water?
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What is the chemical formula for water?
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Why are hydrogen bonds considered weak compared to covalent bonds?
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What role does surface tension play in the behavior of water?
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What is the curved surface formed at the top of water in a graduated cylinder called?
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What causes the upward movement of water from a plant's roots to its leaves?
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How does water dissolve table salt (NaCl)?
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Why is water considered the universal solvent?
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Which of the following does NOT describe capillary action?
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Which property of water allows it to cling to fibers in materials like cloth?
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What type of substance does water effectively dissolve based on the principle of 'like dissolves like'?
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What term describes the ability of water to move through materials with pores?
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Study Notes
Properties of Water
- A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, forming a polar structure with slight electrical charges on either end.
- Polarity results from an uneven distribution of charge, with a positive charge on hydrogen and a negative charge on oxygen.
- Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules due to the attraction between the positive hydrogen and negative oxygen, creating temporary bonds.
- Key properties of water are cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, surface tension, solvent capability, and high specific heat.
Cohesion and Surface Tension
- Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules, allowing them to stick together, vital for movement within organisms.
- Surface tension is a manifestation of cohesion, creating a "skin" effect on the water's surface that enables small insects to walk on it and causes raindrops to form beads.
Adhesion and Capillary Action
- Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to other substances, illustrated by water climbing up the walls of a graduated cylinder, leading to the formation of a meniscus.
- Capillary action combines adhesion and cohesion, allowing water to rise against gravity in plants and through porous materials, essential for nutrient transport.
Solvent Properties
- Water is known as the universal solvent due to its ability to dissolve numerous substances, including polar solutes like sugar and salts.
- The polarity of water allows it to interact with various substances, helping transport nutrients within biological systems.
- Nonpolar substances, such as oils and waxes, are repelled by water, being classified as hydrophobic.
Specific Heat
- Specific heat measures the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C; for water, it's high at 4,184 J/kg°C.
- Water's high specific heat stabilizes temperatures in aquatic ecosystems and contributes to temperature regulation in living organisms.
Hydrogen Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions that can easily break and reform, contributing to water's unique properties, including its high specific heat and solvent capabilities.
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Description
Explore the fundamental properties of water molecules, including their structure and polarity. Understand how the polar nature of water affects its interactions and significance in nature. This quiz will help you grasp the unique characteristics of water that are essential for life.
