The Power of Natural Selection
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Questions and Answers

At which level does natural selection occur?

  • Both individual and population levels (correct)
  • Population level
  • Neither individual nor population levels
  • Individual level

    • Which of the following examples illustrates natural selection?

  • The passing on of favorable traits from generation to generation (correct)
  • The change in air quality during the industrial revolution
  • The extinction of soft seeds on an island in the Galapagos
  • The struggle for existence among organisms

    • What happens to individuals in natural selection?

  • They pass on genes that aided survival success (correct)
  • They evolve
  • They undergo genetic mutation
  • They become more adapted to their environment

    • What happens to populations in natural selection?

    <p>They evolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist developed the concept of natural selection independently of Darwin?

    <p>Wallace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

    <p>Lamarck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Darwin's contribution to advancing our knowledge of the natural world?

    <p>Developing the theory of natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lamarck's contribution to advancing our knowledge of the natural world?

    <p>Developing the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a homologous trait?

    <p>A trait that is shared by different species due to common ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are homologous traits evidence for evolution?

    <p>They provide evidence for common ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a homologous trait discussed in the lecture?

    <p>Fur in mammals and feathers in birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are analogous traits different from homologous traits?

    <p>Analogous traits are unique to a specific species, while homologous traits are shared by different species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do unrelated organisms share analogous traits?

    <p>Due to a phenomenon known as convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a random change to a sequence of bases in an organism's DNA?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a change in allele frequencies produced by random differences in survival and reproduction?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the exchange of alleles between populations?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow contribute to biological evolution?

    <p>By increasing genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where individuals with helpful traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits on to their offspring?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is speciation and what is required for it to occur?

    <p>Speciation is the process of gene flow stopping between two populations for long enough, and it requires new populations to arrive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main requirement for speciation to occur?

    <p>A high rate of gene flow between populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during speciation?

    <p>New populations are formed from one original population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a phylogeny?

    <p>The study of evolutionary history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of information are used to construct phylogenetic trees?

    <p>Homologous traits, molecular evidence, and geographic distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of information used to construct phylogenetic trees?

    <p>Geographic distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term represents the entities themselves in a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do branches represent in a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>Relationships between entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ancestor in a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendant lineages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why homologies infer close relationships?

    <p>Organisms with similar physical features are more closely related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of organisms sharing similar physical features and genomes?

    <p>It implies that they have a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are homologous traits considered evidence for close relationships?

    <p>Homologous traits are always inherited from a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates Archaea from Bacteria?

    <p>Archaea have a different cell wall from Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates Bacteria from Eukarya?

    <p>Bacteria have a different cell wall from Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two domains of life are more closely related?

    <p>Bacteria and Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of life contains cells that do not contain a nucleus?

    <p>Both Archaea and Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diagram is used to depict the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor?

    <p>Polygenic Trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing and contrasting different groups of organisms, what is the purpose of using tables and/or outlines?

    <p>To organize the information into a convenient form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the diagram that is used to depict the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor?

    <p>Phylogenetic Trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups of organisms is characterized by being prokaryotic and having a unique cell wall composition?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is genetically and biochemically distinct from bacteria and often found in extreme environments?

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is eukaryotic and often grouped together for convenience as they don't fit neatly into other categories?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subgroup of protists is heterotrophic and can move using structures like flagella or cilia?

    <p>Protozoans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is photosynthetic, eukaryotic, and can be unicellular or multicellular?

    <p>Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of roots in plants?

    <p>Absorb water and nutrients from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stems in plants?

    <p>Support the plant, transport water, nutrients, and sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leaves in plants?

    <p>Perform photosynthesis to produce sugars and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of plants is characterized by the presence of flowers and fruits?

    <p>Angiosperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation allowed gymnosperms to have better protection and dispersal of offspring?

    <p>Development of seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of plants is the most abundant and diverse in many ecosystems?

    <p>Angiosperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the structure of fungi?

    <p>Hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fungi composed of?

    <p>Polycerids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general structure of fungi?

    <p>Chains of connected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of sponges?

    <p>Lack true tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of cnidarians?

    <p>Presence of cnidocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of flatworms?

    <p>Flat body shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of mollusks?

    <p>Presence of a foot and a mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of annelids?

    <p>Segmented body with repeating structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of chordates/vertebrates?

    <p>Presence of a notochord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chordates/vertebrates have in common with other animal groups?

    <p>Heterotrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What broader category do chordates/vertebrates belong to on the phylogenetic tree?

    <p>Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of chordates/vertebrates during some stage of development?

    <p>Presence of a notochord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may replace the notochord in vertebrates?

    <p>Presence of a vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being warm-blooded, possessing feathers, and laying hard-shelled eggs?

    <p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being warm-blooded, possessing hair or fur, and giving birth to live young?

    <p>Mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being terrestrial, breathing through lungs, and having scales or bony plates?

    <p>Reptiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major vertebrate group is characterized by typically living in both aquatic and terrestrial environments and developing lungs after starting life with gills?

    <p>Amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being aquatic, having gills for respiration, and most having scales?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of mammals includes humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians?

    <p>Primate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family of primates includes modern humans and our closest extinct relatives?

    <p>Hominid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subgroup of hominids includes modern humans and our direct ancestors?

    <p>Hominin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of primates?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is unique to plants?

    <p>Reproduction involving spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of animals?

    <p>Lack of cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic shared by fungi and animals?

    <p>Heterotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is primarily sessile (non-moving) and anchored to the ground?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two groups share a common ancestor in the broader context of eukaryotic life?

    <p>Fungi and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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