75 Questions
At which level does natural selection occur?
Both individual and population levels
Which of the following examples illustrates natural selection?
The passing on of favorable traits from generation to generation
What happens to individuals in natural selection?
They pass on genes that aided survival success
What happens to populations in natural selection?
They evolve
Which scientist developed the concept of natural selection independently of Darwin?
Wallace
Who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Lamarck
What was Darwin's contribution to advancing our knowledge of the natural world?
Developing the theory of natural selection
What was Lamarck's contribution to advancing our knowledge of the natural world?
Developing the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
What is a homologous trait?
A trait that is shared by different species due to common ancestry
How are homologous traits evidence for evolution?
They provide evidence for common ancestry
Which of the following is an example of a homologous trait discussed in the lecture?
Fur in mammals and feathers in birds
How are analogous traits different from homologous traits?
Analogous traits are unique to a specific species, while homologous traits are shared by different species
Why do unrelated organisms share analogous traits?
Due to a phenomenon known as convergent evolution
Which of the following is a random change to a sequence of bases in an organism's DNA?
Mutation
Which of the following describes a change in allele frequencies produced by random differences in survival and reproduction?
Genetic drift
Which of the following describes the exchange of alleles between populations?
Gene flow
How do mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow contribute to biological evolution?
By increasing genetic diversity
What is the process where individuals with helpful traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits on to their offspring?
Natural selection
What is speciation and what is required for it to occur?
Speciation is the process of gene flow stopping between two populations for long enough, and it requires new populations to arrive.
What is the main requirement for speciation to occur?
A high rate of gene flow between populations.
What happens during speciation?
New populations are formed from one original population.
Which of the following best describes a phylogeny?
The study of evolutionary history
What types of information are used to construct phylogenetic trees?
Homologous traits, molecular evidence, and geographic distribution
Which of the following is NOT a type of information used to construct phylogenetic trees?
Geographic distribution
Which term represents the entities themselves in a phylogenetic tree?
Nodes
What do branches represent in a phylogenetic tree?
Relationships between entities
What is a common ancestor in a phylogenetic tree?
Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendant lineages
Which of the following is a reason why homologies infer close relationships?
Organisms with similar physical features are more closely related
What is the significance of organisms sharing similar physical features and genomes?
It implies that they have a common ancestor
Why are homologous traits considered evidence for close relationships?
Homologous traits are always inherited from a common ancestor
Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates Archaea from Bacteria?
Archaea have a different cell wall from Bacteria
Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates Bacteria from Eukarya?
Bacteria have a different cell wall from Eukarya
Which two domains of life are more closely related?
Bacteria and Archaea
Which domain of life contains cells that do not contain a nucleus?
Both Archaea and Bacteria
Which type of diagram is used to depict the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor?
Polygenic Trees
When comparing and contrasting different groups of organisms, what is the purpose of using tables and/or outlines?
To organize the information into a convenient form
What is the name of the diagram that is used to depict the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor?
Phylogenetic Trees
Which of the following groups of organisms is characterized by being prokaryotic and having a unique cell wall composition?
Bacteria
Which group of organisms is genetically and biochemically distinct from bacteria and often found in extreme environments?
Archaea
Which group of organisms is eukaryotic and often grouped together for convenience as they don't fit neatly into other categories?
Protists
Which subgroup of protists is heterotrophic and can move using structures like flagella or cilia?
Protozoans
Which group of organisms is photosynthetic, eukaryotic, and can be unicellular or multicellular?
Algae
What is the function of roots in plants?
Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
What is the function of stems in plants?
Support the plant, transport water, nutrients, and sugars
What is the function of leaves in plants?
Perform photosynthesis to produce sugars and oxygen
Which group of plants is characterized by the presence of flowers and fruits?
Angiosperms
What innovation allowed gymnosperms to have better protection and dispersal of offspring?
Development of seeds
Which group of plants is the most abundant and diverse in many ecosystems?
Angiosperms
Which of the following is a component of the structure of fungi?
Hyphae
What are fungi composed of?
Polycerids
What is the general structure of fungi?
Chains of connected cells
What is the distinguishing feature of sponges?
Lack true tissues and organs
What is the distinguishing feature of cnidarians?
Presence of cnidocytes
What is the distinguishing feature of flatworms?
Flat body shape
What is the distinguishing feature of mollusks?
Presence of a foot and a mantle
What is the distinguishing feature of annelids?
Segmented body with repeating structures
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of chordates/vertebrates?
Presence of a notochord
What do chordates/vertebrates have in common with other animal groups?
Heterotrophy
What broader category do chordates/vertebrates belong to on the phylogenetic tree?
Animalia
What is a key characteristic of chordates/vertebrates during some stage of development?
Presence of a notochord
What may replace the notochord in vertebrates?
Presence of a vertebral column
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being warm-blooded, possessing feathers, and laying hard-shelled eggs?
Birds
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being warm-blooded, possessing hair or fur, and giving birth to live young?
Mammals
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being terrestrial, breathing through lungs, and having scales or bony plates?
Reptiles
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by typically living in both aquatic and terrestrial environments and developing lungs after starting life with gills?
Amphibians
Which major vertebrate group is characterized by being aquatic, having gills for respiration, and most having scales?
Fish
Which group of mammals includes humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians?
Primate
Which family of primates includes modern humans and our closest extinct relatives?
Hominid
Which subgroup of hominids includes modern humans and our direct ancestors?
Hominin
What is a distinguishing feature of primates?
All of the above
Which of the following characteristics is unique to plants?
Reproduction involving spores
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of animals?
Lack of cell walls
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by fungi and animals?
Heterotrophic nutrition
Which of the following groups is primarily sessile (non-moving) and anchored to the ground?
Plants
Which two groups share a common ancestor in the broader context of eukaryotic life?
Fungi and animals
Test your knowledge on natural selection and its impact on evolution! This quiz will explore the concept of natural selection, how it works, and the conditions required for it to occur. Discover the fascinating examples of natural selection, such as the famous case of peppered moths and their adaptation to industrial pollution, as well as the diverse beak shapes of finches on the Galapagos Islands. Learn about the role of natural selection in antibiotic resistance and how it influences the survival and reproduction of individuals and populations
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
