Questions and Answers
What is logic in relation to critical thinking?
The study of good reasoning
What do claims and reasons form the basis of in critical thinking?
Arguments
Which type of statements are the basis for arguments in critical thinking?
Statements backed by good reasons
How are questions and commands different from statements in critical thinking?
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What is the primary task when evaluating or formulating statements in critical thinking?
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What provides support for a statement in critical thinking?
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What is the fundamental concern of critical thinking?
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Why is critical thinking considered systematic?
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How does critical thinking operate according to the text?
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What is NOT the focus of critical thinking according to the text?
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How can critical thinking skills benefit you in the private sector?
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What does critical thinking help you do in your private life?
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What is the main purpose of breaking down arguments into premises and conclusions?
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Which statement is an example of a conclusion based on implicit premises?
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What is the role of indicator words in an argument?
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Why is it important to identify all the premises in support of a conclusion?
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What does adding long-term bonds to a portfolio do according to one of the premises provided?
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What assumption about ethics is made in the statement: 'If you don’t believe in God, then there is nothing to make you act ethically'?
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Study Notes
Critical Thinking
- Critical thinking involves rationally scrutinizing arguments and beliefs, enabling individuals to think critically in various aspects of life, including school, private sector, and personal life.
Definition of Critical Thinking
- Critical thinking is the systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs or statements by rational standards, focusing on whether a belief is worth holding, rather than its cause.
Characteristics of Critical Thinking
- Critical thinking is systematic, involving distinct procedures and methods.
- It entails evaluation and formulation of beliefs, assessing existing ones and arriving at new ones.
- It operates according to rational standards, judging beliefs by how well they are supported by reasons.
Logic and Critical Thinking
- Critical thinking involves logic, the study of good reasoning and inference, and the rules that govern it.
Claims and Reasons
- A statement, or claim, is an assertion that something is or is not the case, which can be true or false.
- Statements can be positive (asserting a claim) or negative (denying a claim).
- Statements are the basis for arguments, and evaluating or formulating them involves figuring out how strongly to believe them.
Reasons and Arguments
- A reason provides support for a statement, and an argument is a group of statements where some (premises) support another (conclusion).
- Examples of arguments include: "You are not fit to serve in your current position," "If you light a cigarette in here, I will leave the room," and "Investing in my new restaurant is a sure thing!"
Evaluating Arguments
- To evaluate an argument, break it down into premises and conclusions, and determine whether to accept it.
- Be able to come up with premises that would convince someone to accept a conclusion, as premises are not always explicitly stated.
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