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Questions and Answers
What was Themistocles' primary concern following the victory at Marathon?
What was Themistocles' primary concern following the victory at Marathon?
- That one victory was not enough for Athens' safety (correct)
- To expand Athenian territory
- To persuade Sparta to form an alliance
- To initiate peace talks with Persia
What was the role of hoplites in Athenian society during the Persian invasion?
What was the role of hoplites in Athenian society during the Persian invasion?
- To serve as politicians in the assembly
- To engage in naval warfare
- To carry out guerrilla tactics against the Persians
- To protect Athens from its neighbors (correct)
What significant geographical distance did Pheidippides cover to fetch help from Sparta?
What significant geographical distance did Pheidippides cover to fetch help from Sparta?
- 300 kilometers
- 400 kilometers
- 250 kilometers (correct)
- 125 kilometers
How were the Persians described in relation to the Greeks at the time of the Marathon battle?
How were the Persians described in relation to the Greeks at the time of the Marathon battle?
What kind of warfare was introduced by the hoplites in this period?
What kind of warfare was introduced by the hoplites in this period?
What hindered Sparta from initially responding to Athens' plea for help?
What hindered Sparta from initially responding to Athens' plea for help?
How did the outcome of the battle at Marathon affect the Athenian army's perception of their capability?
How did the outcome of the battle at Marathon affect the Athenian army's perception of their capability?
Who was sent as the messenger to Sparta to request military assistance?
Who was sent as the messenger to Sparta to request military assistance?
What was Themistocles' primary motivation for urging the investment in a new navy?
What was Themistocles' primary motivation for urging the investment in a new navy?
Which technological advancement in shipbuilding is attributed to the construction of triremes?
Which technological advancement in shipbuilding is attributed to the construction of triremes?
How did the discovery of silver in Attica impact Themistocles' proposal?
How did the discovery of silver in Attica impact Themistocles' proposal?
What strategy did Themistocles use to gain support for his naval project?
What strategy did Themistocles use to gain support for his naval project?
What major external threat was facing Athens at the time of Themistocles' proposed naval expansion?
What major external threat was facing Athens at the time of Themistocles' proposed naval expansion?
What was a key feature of the trireme that distinguished it from other vessels of the time?
What was a key feature of the trireme that distinguished it from other vessels of the time?
What was the reaction of the Athenian populace to Themistocles' proposal?
What was the reaction of the Athenian populace to Themistocles' proposal?
Which aspect of Athenian society does Themistocles' ascent to political power primarily exemplify?
Which aspect of Athenian society does Themistocles' ascent to political power primarily exemplify?
What did Themistocles interpret the 'wooden wall' to represent?
What did Themistocles interpret the 'wooden wall' to represent?
What was the main strategy used by the Greeks in the Battle of Salamis?
What was the main strategy used by the Greeks in the Battle of Salamis?
What was the fate of Athens when Xerxes' army arrived?
What was the fate of Athens when Xerxes' army arrived?
Who was the Spartan general in command during the Battle of Salamis?
Who was the Spartan general in command during the Battle of Salamis?
What tactic did Themistocles employ to deceive Xerxes into attacking?
What tactic did Themistocles employ to deceive Xerxes into attacking?
What did Aeschylus do during the Battle of Salamis?
What did Aeschylus do during the Battle of Salamis?
Which of these elements contributed to the Greeks' success in the naval battle?
Which of these elements contributed to the Greeks' success in the naval battle?
What was a consequence of the Oracle's message to the Athenians?
What was a consequence of the Oracle's message to the Athenians?
Study Notes
The Persian Wars
- The Persian Empire, under Darius the Great, sought to expand its domain.
- Athens, Corinth, and Sparta were threatened by the Persian advance.
- The Persian army landed at Marathon in 490 BCE.
- Athenian hoplites, heavily armored soldiers, were crucial in defending Athens.
- The Athenian runner, Pheidippides, sought help from Sparta but arrived during their religious festival.
- Athenian hoplites defeated the Persians at Marathon.
- Themistocles, an Athenian general, believed one victory wasn't enough to secure Athens.
- An oracle warned of imminent danger to Athens.
- Themistocles received a cryptic oracle message, interpreting it as a call to rely on the Athenian navy ("wooden wall").
- The Athenians evacuated their city as Xerxes' army approached.
- Xerxes burned Athens to the ground.
- The Athenian fleet, led by Themistocles and Eurybiades, awaited the Persians at the Strait of Salamis.
- Themistocles lured the Persian fleet into the narrow strait, where the Athenian triremes had an advantage.
- The Athenian triremes defeated the Persian fleet at Salamis.
- Aeschylus, a playwright, fought at Salamis and later wrote about the battle.
- Themistocles, a powerful Athenian politician, advocated for a strong Athenian navy.
- The trireme, a new type of warship, was faster and more maneuverable.
- Athens invested in a fleet of triremes using silver found in Attica.
- The rivalry between Athens and Aegina, an island state with a strong navy, motivated the investment.
- Xerxes I, the Persian king, planned to conquer Athens.
- The Athenians consulted the oracle, seeking guidance to protect the city.
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Description
This quiz explores the key events and figures of the Persian Wars, focusing on the conflict between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states, particularly Athens. Discover the significance of battles such as Marathon and Salamis, and learn about strategists like Themistocles who shaped the outcome of these pivotal encounters.
