role of Pancreas in Digestion:

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What is the primary function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

To secrete pancreatic juice into the duodenum (correct)
To regulate blood sugar levels
To perform both exocrine and endocrine functions
To secrete hormones into the bloodstream

What is the name of the duct formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct?

Ampulla of Vater (correct)
Hepatic duct
Ampulla of Wirsung
Biliary duct

What is the role of acinar cells in the pancreas?

To secrete bicarbonate ions into the pancreatic duct
To synthesize and secrete digestive enzymes (correct)
To regulate the ionic composition of pancreatic juice
To regulate the release of pancreatic hormones

What is the primary function of the CFTR chloride channel in the pancreatic duct?

To facilitate the passive leakage of Cl- back into the duct (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing secretion rate on the ionic composition of pancreatic juice?

Decreased Cl- concentration and increased bicarbonate concentration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic ductal cells?

Through the exchange of ions with the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice?

To buffer the gastric acid in the chyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

To regulate blood sugar levels through the release of hormones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate pH range of the pancreatic juice?

7.1-8.2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neural and hormonal mechanisms in regulating pancreatic secretion?

To regulate the rate of pancreatic secretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily production of pancreatic juice by the pancreatic glands?

1 liter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pH on the activity of pepsin and pancreatic enzymes?

Pepsin is activated at acidic pH, while pancreatic enzymes are activated at alkaline pH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enterokinase in the activation of pancreatic proteases?

To convert trypsinogen to trypsin in the duodenum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pancreatic protein-digesting enzyme breaks peptide bonds at the interior of the protein chain?

Endopeptidase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the action of pancreatic exopeptidases on a protein?

Release of amino acids from the carboxy or amino terminus of the protein chain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are pancreatic protein-digesting enzymes produced in inactive form?

To prevent digestion of the pancreatic cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is NOT an exopeptidase?

Chymotrypsin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enzyme that breaks down triglycerides?

Lipase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total amount of pancreatic secretion is produced during the intestinal phase?

80% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve stimulation increases the release of pancreatic enzymes similar to the effect of CCK?

Vagus nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates pancreatic secretion during the cephalic phase?

Thought of food, and its sight, smell and taste (A) Signup and view all the answers

What receives signals from the cerebral cortex and receptors of the mouth during the cephalic phase?

Vagal nuclei (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of pancreatic secretion stimulation during the gastric phase?

Both neural and hormonal mechanisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pancreatic amylase?

Splitting starch into oligosaccharides, trisaccharides, and disaccharides (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which pancreatic enzyme is secreted in an inactive form and activated by trypsin?

Phospholipase A2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is released from the pyloric G-cells in response to proteins in the food during the gastric phase?

Gastrin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile in fat digestion?

To emulsify fats, allowing pancreatic lipase to access them (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of colipase?

To act as a cofactor for lipase, allowing it to access its substrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pancreatic nucleases?

To split RNA and DNA into mononucleotides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pancreatic lipase?

To convert lipids to monoglycerides and free fatty acids (A) Signup and view all the answers