The Origin of Species: Barnes 2018 Summary
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of the lesson on Intellectual Revolutions?

  • To discuss the scientific revolution in various parts of the world
  • To explore the relationship between science and religion in seventeenth-century England
  • To articulate how society is transformed by science and technology (correct)
  • To analyze the impact of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud on scientific development

    • What does science as an idea encompass?

  • Technological innovations in modern society
  • Observations and methods about the natural world (correct)
  • Historical perspectives on scientific discoveries
  • Solutions to environmental problems

    • Which individuals' ideas are mentioned as contributing to the spark of the scientific revolution?

  • Bohr, Pasteur, Mendel
  • Tesla, Curie, Hawking
  • Galileo, Newton, Einstein
  • Copernicus, Darwin, Freud (correct)

    • What does postulated mean in the context of the text?

    <p>Formally proposed or assumed true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe humans' approach to seeking answers about their environment?

    <p>By using concrete ideas and explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what century did the early scientific community achieve notable advancements in England according to the text?

    <p>Seventeenth-century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Darwin's argument, which concept is considered inferior to natural selection in explaining the diversity of life?

    <p>Special creation by God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin suggest as a way to understand the ancestry and relationships of organisms?

    <p>Classifying organisms based on their characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phenomena did Darwin claim can be explained by evolution through natural selection?

    <p>The presence of useless or vestigial organs in organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Darwin consider the theory of natural selection superior to special creation in explaining the diversity of life?

    <p>It can account for the presence of useless or vestigial organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Darwin suggest that biologists organize species into groups?

    <p>According to their characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which argument did Darwin make about observing the development of embryos in relation to natural selection?

    <p>Embryos start by resembling each other but then diverge during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of Charcot's work in neurology?

    <p>Analyzing the causes of hysteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Freud's understanding of hysteria differ from the prevalent belief at the time?

    <p>He believed hysteria had psychological, not just physiological, causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary method Freud initially used to treat hysteria?

    <p>Hypnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what city did Freud start his clinical practice in neuropsychology?

    <p>Berggasse, Austria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Breuer believe was the root cause of hysteria according to his paper 'Studies in Hysteria'?

    <p>Forgotten traumas and undischarged emotional energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did Freud use his consulting room in Berggasse for?

    <p>Almost fifty years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if an individual remains fixated on the Anal or Phallic stages according to the text?

    <p>The individual will struggle with further repression and defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a person mature into during the described stage according to the text?

    <p>A reality-oriented socialized adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is supposed to happen after a male child realizes the father's power according to the text?

    <p>The Oedipus complex is officially resolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a male child typically feel about the father during the Oedipus complex according to the text?

    <p>Fear of castration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in instinctual urge between the Phallic Stage and masturbation in the immature Genital period according to the text?

    <p>Subjectivity vs. objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a female infant experience in relation to the Oedipus complex compared to a male infant based on the text?

    <p>A more complex situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is important to account for the annual motion of the earth not being detected by observing the stars?

    <p>Stellar parallax is too tiny to be measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Copernicus attribute the apparent motions in heaven's vault to?

    <p>Motions of the earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Copernicus, where do the apparent motions belonging to the sun come from?

    <p>The earth and its spherical shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Copernicus claim accounts for many apparent irregularities in the heavens?

    <p>Motion of the earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Copernicus emphasize that the earth has more than one motion?

    <p>To explain the daily rotation on its axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Copernicus mean when he said, 'So vast, without any question, is the divine handiwork of the Almighty Creator'?

    <p>He was acknowledging God's grandeur in creation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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