135 Questions
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
Cranial nerve II
What is the function of cranial nerve II?
Transmits visual information
What is another name for cranial nerve II?
Optic nerve
Which nerve mediates the pupillary constriction when a person shifts gaze from a far object to a near object?
Cranial nerve III
Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction and light response?
Cranial nerve III
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
Cranial nerve II
Which chart is used to test the acuity of central vision?
Snellen chart
Where should the Snellen eye chart be used to test central vision?
In a well-lit area
What is the purpose of testing central vision with a Snellen eye chart?
To evaluate visual acuity
Visual acuity of 20/200 means that the patient can read print that a person with normal vision could read at how many feet?
200 ft
What does a visual acuity of 20/40 corrected mean?
The patient can read print at 20 ft that a person with normal vision could read at 40 ft with glasses
Which of the following statements is true regarding visual acuity?
The larger the second number, the worse the vision
Which of the following is considered legally blind in the United States?
A person with vision in the better eye, corrected by glasses, of 20/250
What is another criteria for legal blindness in the United States?
A constricted field of vision of 15 degrees or less in the better eye
What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?
20/250
Which of the following is a chronic inflammation of the eyelids at the base of the hair follicles?
Blepharitis
What is the most common cause of blepharitis?
Bacterial infection
Which bacterium is usually responsible for stye (hordeolum) infections at the inner margin of the eyelid?
Staphylococcus aureus
Where does a stye (hordeolum) infection at the outer margin of the eyelid usually originate from?
Obstructed meibomian gland
What are the typical symptoms of a stye (hordeolum) infection?
Pain, tenderness, and redness
Which disease state is most commonly associated with the presence of cotton wool spots on the retina?
Diabetic retinopathy
Which of the following is a common cause of cotton wool spots?
Diabetes
Which is the most common cause of cotton wool spots?
Diabetic retinopathy
What is the etiology of cotton wool spots?
Ischemia from retinal arteriole obstruction
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
Cranial nerve II
Which of the following is the most common cause of cotton-wool spots on the retina?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the purpose of testing central vision with a Snellen eye chart?
To evaluate visual acuity
What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?
20/200
Cotton wool spots can be an early finding in diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy.
True
True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
True
True or false: Cotton-wool spots (CWSs) are retinal lesions commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension.
True
What is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States?
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
Which of the following is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States?
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
POAG is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States.
True
True or false: Gradual loss of vision in the peripheral visual fields is seen in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?
True
Which of the following is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) according to the text?
Age ≥65 years
Age ≥65 years is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
True
Myopia is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
True
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?
Hyperopia
Which of the following is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on the text?
Age ≥65 years
The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends baseline examination for glaucoma starting at the age of 40.
True
Slow central vision loss may occur with nuclear cataract and ______
macular degeneration
Slow ______ vision loss may occur with nuclear cataracts and macular degeneration
central
True or false: Ptosis is a condition that affects the upper lid?
True
True or false: Ptosis can cause a drooping appearance of the eye?
True
Ptosis is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III).
False
Ptosis is caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner syndrome).
True
Ptosis is caused by myasthenia gravis.
True
Which of the following is NOT a cause of Ptosis?
Damage to the abducens nerve (CN VI)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction and light response?
Cranial nerve III
Which of the following conditions can cause senile ptosis?
A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat
What are the three main factors that can cause senile ptosis?
A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause senile ptosis?
Tightened tissues
Double vision is also known as diplopia.
True
Cotton wool spots are commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension.
True
Ptosis is caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner syndrome).
False
True or false: Diplopia is the medical term for double vision?
True
True or false: Diplopia can be caused by a weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles?
True
True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be a finding in diplopia?
True
Horizontal diplopia is caused by palsy of cranial nerves III or VI.
True
Ptosis is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III).
False
Cotton-wool spots are retinal lesions commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension.
True
True or false: Vertical diplopia is caused by palsy of cranial nerves III and IV?
True
True or false: Ptosis is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?
True
True or false: Cotton wool spots can be an early finding in diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy?
True
Which of the following conditions is associated with a red painless eye?
Conjunctivitis
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a red painless eye and inflammation of the episclera?
Episcleritis
True or false: A red painless eye is seen in subconjunctival hemorrhage and episcleritis?
True
What are the symptoms of a sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?
Retinal detachment
True or false: A sudden, painless unilateral vision loss can be caused by Retinal Detachment?
True
Which of the following is a potential cause of a sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?
Retinal Detachment
What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?
20/200
Which of the following is a common symptom of myopia?
Blurry vision at far range
What is the medical term for nearsightedness?
Myopia
Which of the following terms describes eyesight that is blurry on objects nearby?
Hyperopia
What is the medical term for nearsightedness?
Myopia
Hyperopia (farsightedness) is a condition in which objects nearby appear blurry.
True
Which of the following is a common age group affected by presbyopia?
Middle-aged and older adults
What is presbyopia?
A condition that affects near vision
Which of the following is a symptom of astigmatism?
Blurred vision
Which part of the eye is affected by astigmatism?
Cornea or lens
True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?
True
True or false: The most commonly recognized color vision abnormalities are sex-linked congenital red-green deficiencies?
True
Which of the following is a common symptom of lagophthalmos?
Excessive tearing
What is the medical term for the condition where the eyelids fail to close completely?
Lagophthalmos
Which of the following is a possible cause of lagophthalmos?
Nerve damage
True or false: Lagophthalmos is the failure of the eyelids to close?
True
Which condition can cause slow central vision loss along with nuclear cataract?
C) Macular degeneration
Which of the following conditions may cause sudden, painful unilateral loss of vision?
Optic neuritis
What is the most common cause of sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?
Retinal detachment
Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in African-Americans.
True
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness overall.
True
Glaucoma is a common condition that can be detected during a funduscopic examination.
True
Is it important to screen for glaucoma on funduscopic examination?
TRUE
What is the recommended age for baseline examination for glaucoma?
40
What features would be noted on funduscopic examination for Glaucoma?
Increased cup-to-disc ratio
True or false: Audiometric testing is a very sensitive method for detecting hearing loss?
True
Which of the following is a very sensitive method for detecting hearing loss?
Audiometric testing
What is the medical term for the condition where the eyelids fail to close completely?
Lagophthalmos
What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?
20/200
The fovea of the fundus is the central focal point for incoming images?
True
Accommodation is the changing of the shape of the lens to sharply focus on an object.
True
Which of the following is a common symptom of external otitis?
Pain and drainage from the ear
What is the most likely cause of external otitis in this patient?
Swimming in contaminated water
common findings in the examination of a patient with external otitis includes ear pain, drainage, ear canal ___________ & ________ with debris.
Narrowed and erythematous canal
Otitis media can cause pain with movement of the external ear and drainage even without a perforated eardrum.
False
Otitis media is always accompanied by pain and drainage.
False
Otitis media does not typically cause pain or drainage unless the eardrum is perforated.
True
Which of the following is a common symptom of otitis media?
Bulging, erythematous eardrum
True or false: Otitis media can cause pain with movement of the external ear and drainage even without a perforated eardrum.
True
What is the most common cause of blepharitis?
Bacterial infection
Which of the following signs is usually associated with pneumonia?
Dyspnea
True or false: Pneumonia is usually associated with 3 signs, dyspnea, cough, and fever?
True
True or false: Pneumonia is a viral infection?
False
True or false: Pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics?
True
True or false: On auscultation, coarse or fine crackles can be heard over the affected lobe in a patient with pneumonia?
True
True or false: Pneumonia is usually associated with dyspnea, cough, and fever?
True
True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?
True
In a patient with pneumonia, percussion over the affected area is dull and there is often an increase in fremitus.
True
Percussion over the affected area in pneumonia is resonant and there is a decrease in fremitus.
False
Pneumonia is usually associated with 3 signs: dyspnea, cough, and fever.
True
What is the characteristic sound heard on percussion over the affected area in a patient with pneumonia?
Dull
What is the likely change in fremitus over the affected area in a patient with pneumonia?
Increase
Which of the following sounds are heard in a patient with pneumonia?
Egophony and pectoriloquy
Which of the following signs are associated with pneumonia?
Dyspnea, cough, and fever
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of pneumonia?
Rub and stridor
True or false: Pressure on the inner two-thirds of the canal area causes pain?
True
Which of the following patients would require a comprehensive health history?
C) A new patient with the chief complaint of “I am here to establish care”
Which patient would not require a comprehensive health history?
B) An established patient with the chief complaint of “I have an upper respiratory infection”
Which patient would require a comprehensive health history?
A) A new patient with the chief complaint of “I sprained my ankle”
Which of the following is NOT a component of the health history?
Thorax and lungs
Which of the following signs are associated with pneumonia?
Dyspnea, cough, and fever
What is the most common cause of sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?
Retinal detachment
True or false: The Comprehensive health history includes the Chief Complaint, History of Present Illness, Past Medical History, Family History, Personal & Social History, and Review of systems?
True
True or false: The fovea of the fundus is the central focal point for incoming images?
True
Test your knowledge of cranial nerve II, also known as the optic nerve. Discover its function and learn why it is responsible for vision. Challenge yourself with questions about this essential cranial nerve.
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