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Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

  • Cranial nerve I
  • Cranial nerve II (correct)
  • Cranial nerve IV
  • Cranial nerve III

    • What is the function of cranial nerve II?

  • Regulates heart rate
  • Transmits visual information (correct)
  • Controls facial muscles
  • Transmits taste sensations

    • What is another name for cranial nerve II?

  • Trigeminal nerve
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • Optic nerve (correct)
  • Olfactory nerve

    • Which nerve mediates the pupillary constriction when a person shifts gaze from a far object to a near object?

    <p>Cranial nerve III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction and light response?

    <p>Cranial nerve III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

    <p>Cranial nerve II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chart is used to test the acuity of central vision?

    <p>Snellen chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the Snellen eye chart be used to test central vision?

    <p>In a well-lit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing central vision with a Snellen eye chart?

    <p>To evaluate visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Visual acuity of 20/200 means that the patient can read print that a person with normal vision could read at how many feet?

    <p>200 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a visual acuity of 20/40 corrected mean?

    <p>The patient can read print at 20 ft that a person with normal vision could read at 40 ft with glasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding visual acuity?

    <p>The larger the second number, the worse the vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered legally blind in the United States?

    <p>A person with vision in the better eye, corrected by glasses, of 20/250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another criteria for legal blindness in the United States?

    <p>A constricted field of vision of 15 degrees or less in the better eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?

    <p>20/250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chronic inflammation of the eyelids at the base of the hair follicles?

    <p>Blepharitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of blepharitis?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is usually responsible for stye (hordeolum) infections at the inner margin of the eyelid?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does a stye (hordeolum) infection at the outer margin of the eyelid usually originate from?

    <p>Obstructed meibomian gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical symptoms of a stye (hordeolum) infection?

    <p>Pain, tenderness, and redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease state is most commonly associated with the presence of cotton wool spots on the retina?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of cotton wool spots?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most common cause of cotton wool spots?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiology of cotton wool spots?

    <p>Ischemia from retinal arteriole obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

    <p>Cranial nerve II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of cotton-wool spots on the retina?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing central vision with a Snellen eye chart?

    <p>To evaluate visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?

    <p>20/200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton wool spots can be an early finding in diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cotton-wool spots (CWSs) are retinal lesions commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States?

    <p>Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States?

    <p>Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    POAG is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the United States.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Gradual loss of vision in the peripheral visual fields is seen in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) according to the text?

    <p>Age ≥65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Age ≥65 years is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myopia is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?

    <p>Hyperopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on the text?

    <p>Age ≥65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends baseline examination for glaucoma starting at the age of 40.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slow central vision loss may occur with nuclear cataract and ______

    <p>macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slow ______ vision loss may occur with nuclear cataracts and macular degeneration

    <p>central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Ptosis is a condition that affects the upper lid?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Ptosis can cause a drooping appearance of the eye?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner syndrome).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is caused by myasthenia gravis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of Ptosis?

    <p>Damage to the abducens nerve (CN VI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction and light response?

    <p>Cranial nerve III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can cause senile ptosis?

    <p>A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main factors that can cause senile ptosis?

    <p>A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause senile ptosis?

    <p>Tightened tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Double vision is also known as diplopia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton wool spots are commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner syndrome).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diplopia is the medical term for double vision?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diplopia can be caused by a weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be a finding in diplopia?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Horizontal diplopia is caused by palsy of cranial nerves III or VI.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton-wool spots are retinal lesions commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Vertical diplopia is caused by palsy of cranial nerves III and IV?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Ptosis is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cotton wool spots can be an early finding in diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with a red painless eye?

    <p>Conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a red painless eye and inflammation of the episclera?

    <p>Episcleritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A red painless eye is seen in subconjunctival hemorrhage and episcleritis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of a sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?

    <p>Retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A sudden, painless unilateral vision loss can be caused by Retinal Detachment?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of a sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?

    <p>Retinal Detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?

    <p>20/200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of myopia?

    <p>Blurry vision at far range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for nearsightedness?

    <p>Myopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes eyesight that is blurry on objects nearby?

    <p>Hyperopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for nearsightedness?

    <p>Myopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperopia (farsightedness) is a condition in which objects nearby appear blurry.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common age group affected by presbyopia?

    <p>Middle-aged and older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is presbyopia?

    <p>A condition that affects near vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of astigmatism?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is affected by astigmatism?

    <p>Cornea or lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The most commonly recognized color vision abnormalities are sex-linked congenital red-green deficiencies?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of lagophthalmos?

    <p>Excessive tearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the condition where the eyelids fail to close completely?

    <p>Lagophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible cause of lagophthalmos?

    <p>Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Lagophthalmos is the failure of the eyelids to close?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause slow central vision loss along with nuclear cataract?

    <p>C) Macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may cause sudden, painful unilateral loss of vision?

    <p>Optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?

    <p>Retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in African-Americans.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness overall.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glaucoma is a common condition that can be detected during a funduscopic examination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it important to screen for glaucoma on funduscopic examination?

    <p>TRUE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for baseline examination for glaucoma?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features would be noted on funduscopic examination for Glaucoma?

    <p>Increased cup-to-disc ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Audiometric testing is a very sensitive method for detecting hearing loss?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a very sensitive method for detecting hearing loss?

    <p>Audiometric testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the condition where the eyelids fail to close completely?

    <p>Lagophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum visual acuity required for legal blindness in the United States?

    <p>20/200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fovea of the fundus is the central focal point for incoming images?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accommodation is the changing of the shape of the lens to sharply focus on an object.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of external otitis?

    <p>Pain and drainage from the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of external otitis in this patient?

    <p>Swimming in contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    common findings in the examination of a patient with external otitis includes ear pain, drainage, ear canal ___________ & ________ with debris.

    <p>Narrowed and erythematous canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Otitis media can cause pain with movement of the external ear and drainage even without a perforated eardrum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Otitis media is always accompanied by pain and drainage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Otitis media does not typically cause pain or drainage unless the eardrum is perforated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of otitis media?

    <p>Bulging, erythematous eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Otitis media can cause pain with movement of the external ear and drainage even without a perforated eardrum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of blepharitis?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs is usually associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pneumonia is usually associated with 3 signs, dyspnea, cough, and fever?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pneumonia is a viral infection?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: On auscultation, coarse or fine crackles can be heard over the affected lobe in a patient with pneumonia?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pneumonia is usually associated with dyspnea, cough, and fever?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cotton-wool spots can be found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with pneumonia, percussion over the affected area is dull and there is often an increase in fremitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Percussion over the affected area in pneumonia is resonant and there is a decrease in fremitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pneumonia is usually associated with 3 signs: dyspnea, cough, and fever.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic sound heard on percussion over the affected area in a patient with pneumonia?

    <p>Dull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely change in fremitus over the affected area in a patient with pneumonia?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sounds are heard in a patient with pneumonia?

    <p>Egophony and pectoriloquy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs are associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Dyspnea, cough, and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common sign of pneumonia?

    <p>Rub and stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pressure on the inner two-thirds of the canal area causes pain?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patients would require a comprehensive health history?

    <p>C) A new patient with the chief complaint of “I am here to establish care”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient would not require a comprehensive health history?

    <p>B) An established patient with the chief complaint of “I have an upper respiratory infection”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient would require a comprehensive health history?

    <p>A) A new patient with the chief complaint of “I sprained my ankle”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the health history?

    <p>Thorax and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs are associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Dyspnea, cough, and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of sudden, painless unilateral vision loss?

    <p>Retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Comprehensive health history includes the Chief Complaint, History of Present Illness, Past Medical History, Family History, Personal & Social History, and Review of systems?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The fovea of the fundus is the central focal point for incoming images?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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