The New Jim Crow Chapter 2 Flashcards

4th Amendment

• Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.

Mapp v. Ohio

• Established that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in criminal trials, reinforcing the exclusionary rule.

California vs Acevedo

• Determined that police can search a lawfully stopped vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause.

Terry vs. Ohio

• Permits police to stop and search individuals based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity, establishing the basis for "stop and frisk."

Reasonable Articulable Suspicion

• A legal standard requiring a specific level of proof for conducting brief investigative detentions, often linked to Terry stops.

Stop and Frisk

• A procedure where police pat down or search a person's outer clothing if they suspect criminal behavior.

Florida vs. Bostick

• Affirmed that random consent searches on public transportation are permissible under specific conditions.

Consent Searches

• Involves an individual agreeing to allow law enforcement to search their person or belongings voluntarily.

Pretext Stops

• Refers to traffic stops made for minor infractions while intending to investigate more serious offenses.

Civil Liberties

• Fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution protecting citizens from government overreach.

Operation Pipeline

• A 1986 DEA initiative training local police in using pretext stops for drug interdiction efforts on highways.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

• A federal agency founded in 1973 aimed at combating illegal drugs both domestically and internationally.

Militarization of Local Law Enforcement

• The increasing use of military-grade equipment and tactics by local police forces.

Drug Forfeiture Laws

• Legal provisions allowing authorities to seize assets connected to drug offenses.

Gideon v. Wainwright

• A ruling that guarantees the right to a government-appointed attorney for defendants unable to afford one.

Plea Bargaining

• An agreement where defendants plead guilty to lesser charges in exchange for reduced sentences or penalties.

Overcharging by Prosecutors

• A strategy where prosecutors may charge defendants with more severe crimes than can be proven, impacting plea negotiations.

Lockyer v. Andrade

• Upheld the constitutionality of California's three strikes law, allowing for harsher sentences after multiple felony convictions.

8th Amendment

• Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments, ensuring fair treatment within the judicial system.

Felon

• An individual who has been convicted of a serious crime, often carrying significant legal and social implications.

This quiz covers key concepts and cases from Chapter 2 of 'The New Jim Crow'. It includes essential terms like the 4th Amendment and significant court cases related to search and seizure. Master these definitions to enhance your understanding of legal protections against unreasonable searches.