The New Jim Crow Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

Double Jeopardy

Cruel and Unusual Punishments

Self-Incrimination

Unreasonable Search and Seizure (correct)

What was the significance of Mapp v. Ohio?

Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial.

What does California vs Acevedo establish regarding search warrants?

Warrants are not needed to search a car that has been lawfully stopped.

What does Terry vs. Ohio allow police to do?

It allows the police to stop and search a suspect if they have reasonable suspicion. Signup and view all the answers

What is Reasonable Articulable Suspicion?

It is the level of proof necessary to conduct a brief, limited investigative detention. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Stop and Frisk'?

To pat down or search the outer clothing of someone whom the police believe is acting suspiciously. Signup and view all the answers

What does Florida vs. Bostick allow?

Randomized consent searches of individuals who are on public transportation. Signup and view all the answers

What are consent searches?

When you consent to someone searching you or your belongings. Signup and view all the answers

What are Pretext Stops?

An officer stops a vehicle due to an equipment violation but intends to investigate other criminal activity. Signup and view all the answers

What are Civil Liberties?

Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. Signup and view all the answers

In 1986, the DEA instituted '__________,' a highway drug interdiction program.

Operation Pipeline Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?

To reduce the supply of illegal drugs produced inside the US or entering the US from abroad. Signup and view all the answers

What does the militarization of local law enforcement refer to?

The use of military equipment and tactics. Signup and view all the answers

What do Drug Forfeiture Laws involve?

Confiscating drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What does Gideon v. Wainwright guarantee?

A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government. Signup and view all the answers

What is plea bargaining?

A bargain struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor. Signup and view all the answers

What does overcharging for crimes by prosecutors refer to?

Taking on an additional case the prosecutor knows they cannot prove. Signup and view all the answers

What did Lockyer v. Andrade rule?

The 3 strikes law is not unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 8th Amendment protect against?

No cruel and unusual punishments. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a felon?

A person guilty of a major crime. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

4th Amendment

Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.

Mapp v. Ohio

Established that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in criminal trials, reinforcing the exclusionary rule.

California vs Acevedo

Determined that police can search a lawfully stopped vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause.

Terry vs. Ohio

Permits police to stop and search individuals based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity, establishing the basis for "stop and frisk."

Reasonable Articulable Suspicion

A legal standard requiring a specific level of proof for conducting brief investigative detentions, often linked to Terry stops.

Stop and Frisk

A procedure where police pat down or search a person's outer clothing if they suspect criminal behavior.

Florida vs. Bostick

Affirmed that random consent searches on public transportation are permissible under specific conditions.

Involves an individual agreeing to allow law enforcement to search their person or belongings voluntarily.

Pretext Stops

Refers to traffic stops made for minor infractions while intending to investigate more serious offenses.

Civil Liberties

Fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution protecting citizens from government overreach.

Operation Pipeline

A 1986 DEA initiative training local police in using pretext stops for drug interdiction efforts on highways.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

A federal agency founded in 1973 aimed at combating illegal drugs both domestically and internationally.

Militarization of Local Law Enforcement

The increasing use of military-grade equipment and tactics by local police forces.

Drug Forfeiture Laws

Legal provisions allowing authorities to seize assets connected to drug offenses.

Gideon v. Wainwright

A ruling that guarantees the right to a government-appointed attorney for defendants unable to afford one.

Plea Bargaining

An agreement where defendants plead guilty to lesser charges in exchange for reduced sentences or penalties.

Overcharging by Prosecutors

A strategy where prosecutors may charge defendants with more severe crimes than can be proven, impacting plea negotiations.

Lockyer v. Andrade

Upheld the constitutionality of California's three strikes law, allowing for harsher sentences after multiple felony convictions.

8th Amendment

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments, ensuring fair treatment within the judicial system.

Felon

An individual who has been convicted of a serious crime, often carrying significant legal and social implications.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts and cases from Chapter 2 of 'The New Jim Crow'. It includes essential terms like the 4th Amendment and significant court cases related to search and seizure. Master these definitions to enhance your understanding of legal protections against unreasonable searches.