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Questions and Answers
Which type of receptor is the 5HT3 receptor?
Which type of receptor is the 5HT3 receptor?
- Metabotropic
- Excitatory
- Ionotropic (correct)
- Inhibitory
What is the primary function of Ondansetron (Zofran, Ondaz, Onsetron)?
What is the primary function of Ondansetron (Zofran, Ondaz, Onsetron)?
- Treating anxiety
- Inducing sleep
- Preventing nausea (correct)
- Relieving pain
Which neurotransmitter acts as a 'slow' neurotransmitter and neuromodulator?
Which neurotransmitter acts as a 'slow' neurotransmitter and neuromodulator?
- GABA
- Serotonin (correct)
- Dopamine
- Glutamate
What is the primary role of dopamine and serotonin in the brain?
What is the primary role of dopamine and serotonin in the brain?
What type of receptors are D1 and D5 receptors?
What type of receptors are D1 and D5 receptors?
Which neurotransmitter is released in response to rewards such as food and sex?
Which neurotransmitter is released in response to rewards such as food and sex?
What is the main influence of dopamine on its target regions compared to serotonin?
What is the main influence of dopamine on its target regions compared to serotonin?
Which type of receptors are D2, D3, and D4 receptors?
Which type of receptors are D2, D3, and D4 receptors?
What is the main modulatory effect of dopamine and serotonin on neurotransmission?
What is the main modulatory effect of dopamine and serotonin on neurotransmission?
What is the main role of dopamine in the brain?
What is the main role of dopamine in the brain?
What is the main function of dopamine D2 receptors?
What is the main function of dopamine D2 receptors?
In what way is aberrant activation of dopamine signaling linked to rewards and abuse potential?
In what way is aberrant activation of dopamine signaling linked to rewards and abuse potential?
Which type of drugs act on dopamine transporters, leading to increased attention, euphoria, and addiction?
Which type of drugs act on dopamine transporters, leading to increased attention, euphoria, and addiction?
What is the clinical use of psychostimulants like cocaine and methylphenidate?
What is the clinical use of psychostimulants like cocaine and methylphenidate?
Which condition is characterized by the progressive death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra?
Which condition is characterized by the progressive death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra?
What are the treatments for Parkinson's disease aimed at increasing?
What are the treatments for Parkinson's disease aimed at increasing?
Which neurotransmitter is exclusively released from raphe nuclei and influences sleep, arousal, attention, sensory processing, emotion, and mood?
Which neurotransmitter is exclusively released from raphe nuclei and influences sleep, arousal, attention, sensory processing, emotion, and mood?
What type of receptors are serotonin receptors, except 5HT3?
What type of receptors are serotonin receptors, except 5HT3?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in anti-nauseants, with the 5HT3 receptor being excitatory and having high expression in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in anti-nauseants, with the 5HT3 receptor being excitatory and having high expression in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
Where do dopaminergic neurons regulate reward, motor programs, attention, nausea, hormone secretion, and more through dopamine release?
Where do dopaminergic neurons regulate reward, motor programs, attention, nausea, hormone secretion, and more through dopamine release?
What type of receptor is dopamine in the brain?
What type of receptor is dopamine in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter plays a role in regulating excitability and information flow in brain regions, and is involved in reward, motor programs, attention, nausea, and hormone secretion?
Which neurotransmitter plays a role in regulating excitability and information flow in brain regions, and is involved in reward, motor programs, attention, nausea, and hormone secretion?
Which neurotransmitter influences sleep, arousal, attention, sensory processing, emotion, and mood, and is a monoamine?
Which neurotransmitter influences sleep, arousal, attention, sensory processing, emotion, and mood, and is a monoamine?
What type of receptors are serotonin receptors, except 5HT3?
What type of receptors are serotonin receptors, except 5HT3?
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Study Notes
The Effects of Psychostimulants on the Dopamine System
- Psychostimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine act on dopamine transporters, leading to increased attention, euphoria, and addiction.
- Cocaine and methamphetamine are both psychostimulants, with methamphetamine being man-made and longer-lasting, while cocaine is plant-derived and shorter-lasting.
- Clinical use of psychostimulants like cocaine and methylphenidate involves inhibiting dopamine transporters, resulting in increased synaptic concentrations of dopamine.
- Clinical use of psychostimulants is prescribed for ADHD, with drugs like dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine promoting dopamine release.
- Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in low dopamine levels in the striatum.
- Treatments for Parkinson's disease include L-DOPA, dopamine 2 receptor agonists, and MAOIs like selegiline, with each having its own set of side effects.
- Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus regulate reward, motor programs, attention, nausea, hormone secretion, and more through dopamine release.
- Dopamine is a G-protein coupled receptor that regulates excitability and information flow in brain regions, playing a role in reward, motor programs, attention, nausea, and hormone secretion.
- Serotonin, exclusively released from raphe nuclei, influences sleep, arousal, attention, sensory processing, emotion, and mood, and is a monoamine.
- Serotonin receptors, except 5HT3, are metabotropic G-protein coupled receptors that act as slow neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
- Serotonin as a neuromodulator is involved in anti-nauseants, with the 5HT3 receptor being excitatory and having high expression in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
- Dopamine and serotonin play crucial roles in the brain as neuromodulators, influencing a wide range of functions and behaviors.
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