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Questions and Answers
What primarily enables a bionic arm to move?
What primarily enables a bionic arm to move?
The bionic arm gives users a sense of touch by rerouting sensation nerves to the chest.
The bionic arm gives users a sense of touch by rerouting sensation nerves to the chest.
True
What happens when a patient thinks about moving the bionic arm?
What happens when a patient thinks about moving the bionic arm?
The nerve impulse travels from the brain to the corresponding muscle.
Multiple sclerosis destroys the _____ sheaths of neurons.
Multiple sclerosis destroys the _____ sheaths of neurons.
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Match the following diseases or conditions with their descriptions:
Match the following diseases or conditions with their descriptions:
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Which part of the body is primarily modified to control the bionic arm?
Which part of the body is primarily modified to control the bionic arm?
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Brain damage from physical trauma is often temporary.
Brain damage from physical trauma is often temporary.
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What are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
What are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
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A computer processes the _____ impulses from the nerves to make the arm perform movements.
A computer processes the _____ impulses from the nerves to make the arm perform movements.
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What are electrodes attached to in the bionic arm system?
What are electrodes attached to in the bionic arm system?
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What are the two main divisions of the Nervous System?
What are the two main divisions of the Nervous System?
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The Peripheral Nervous System contains the brain and spinal cord.
The Peripheral Nervous System contains the brain and spinal cord.
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What is the function of sensory receptors in the Nervous System?
What is the function of sensory receptors in the Nervous System?
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Neurons can send information around your body by conducting __________ from one area to another.
Neurons can send information around your body by conducting __________ from one area to another.
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Match the following functions with the appropriate components of the Nervous System:
Match the following functions with the appropriate components of the Nervous System:
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Which type of nerves in the PNS carry information from sensory organs to the brain?
Which type of nerves in the PNS carry information from sensory organs to the brain?
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The myelin sheath protects and insulates neurons, preventing the loss of electrical impulses.
The myelin sheath protects and insulates neurons, preventing the loss of electrical impulses.
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How many neurons are estimated to be present in the human brain?
How many neurons are estimated to be present in the human brain?
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Injured neurons in the __________ do not easily regenerate.
Injured neurons in the __________ do not easily regenerate.
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What is the primary role of the Central Nervous System?
What is the primary role of the Central Nervous System?
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Study Notes
The Nervous System
- The nervous system is a complex organ system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
- It is divided into two main parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
- The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- The PNS consists of nerves connecting the body to the CNS. It relays information between the body and the brain.
Structural Features of the Nervous System
- The PNS is further divided into three categories: nerves that control voluntary muscles, nerves carrying sensory information from sensory organs to the brain, and nerves regulating involuntary functions (e.g., breathing, heartbeat, digestion).
Nerve Tissue
- Nerve tissue is made of specialized cells called neurons.
- The brain contains an estimated 100 billion neurons.
- Neurons are responsible for communication throughout the body by transmitting electrical signals, called nerve impulses, from one body part to another.
- Some neuron axons are covered by a myelin sheath, a fatty material that acts as insulation, preventing electrical signals from jumping to the wrong neuron.
Nerve Tissue - Continued
- Nerves are bundles of neurons surrounded by connective tissue.
- Injured neurons in the CNS typically do not regenerate.
- Neurons in the PNS, however, can sometimes regrow to repair severed connections.
Sensory Receptors
- Sensory receptors are special cells or tissues that receive inputs from the external environment and send signals to the CNS.
- Examples include light-sensitive receptors in the eyes.
- All sensory receptors throughout the body transmit information to the brain.
Communication, Coordination, & Perception
- The CNS transmits signals in both directions between the brain and the rest of the body.
- This allows the body to react to the internal and external environment.
- Perception is the function of interpreting information received from the environment.
Communication, Coordination, & Perception - Reflexes
- The spinal cord acts as a pathway for reflexes, quick actions that the brain doesn't necessarily process initially.
- Reflexes do not need the direct involvement of the brain.
Bionic Arm
- A bionic arm is controlled using nerve impulses.
- Rerouting nerves from the amputated arm to healthy muscles in the chest allows signals to control the robotic arm.
- This technology enables movement through thought.
Diseases & Disorders
- Viruses or bacteria can damage the brain permanently.
- Multiple sclerosis is a disease where the immune system malfunctions and damages the myelin sheaths of neurons.
- Physical trauma (e.g., falls) can severely damage the spinal cord, often leading to paralysis.
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Description
Explore the intricate structure and function of the nervous system, including its two main parts: the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Learn about the role of neurons in communication and the divisions within the peripheral system that manage voluntary and involuntary functions.
