Questions and Answers
What does the term central nervous system refer to?
The peripheral nervous system consists of:
Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS?
What do Schwann cells form around axons?
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What are the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli called?
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Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS are called?
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What best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin?
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Which of the following sensory receptors is a touch receptor?
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A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a(n):
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White matter refers to myelinated fibers in the:
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Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are:
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Bipolar neurons are commonly found in the:
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An action potential is essential for _____ propagation.
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Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which ion rapidly diffuses out of the cell?
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An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell:
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The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed:
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The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience:
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Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential?
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Which one of the following describes saltatory conduction?
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The gap between two communicating neurons is termed:
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The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
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Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?
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Muscles and glands are:
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The three major parts of the brain stem are:
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The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as __________ while the shallow grooves are termed __________.
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The olfactory area is found within the:
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Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the:
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The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the:
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Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements:
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The pituitary gland is most closely associated with the:
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Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except:
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The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the:
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Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the:
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The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
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Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the:
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Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?
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Study Notes
The Nervous System Overview
- Central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral nervous system includes spinal and cranial nerves.
Neuroglia and Neurons
- Schwann cells are not a type of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS).
- Schwann cells create myelin sheaths around axons, facilitating faster signal transmission.
- Neuron processes that receive stimuli are called dendrites.
- Collections of nerve cell bodies within the CNS are termed ganglia.
Myelin and Impulse Conduction
- Myelin, a white lipid material, insulates axons.
- Impulse conduction is quicker in myelinated neurons compared to unmyelinated ones.
- An action potential is crucial for propagating nerve impulses, initiated by sodium ion influx.
- Following an action potential, potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron, causing a graded potential.
Neuron Types and Functionality
- Association neurons connect other neurons; their cell bodies are located in the CNS.
- Bipolar neurons are typically found in the eye and nose.
Reflexes and Signal Transmission
- Sequence of a reflex arc includes: receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector.
- Effectors are muscles and glands that respond to nerve impulses.
Brain Structure and Function
- Brain stem contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, which are vital for various autonomic functions.
- Cerebral hemispheres feature gyri (ridges) and sulci (grooves).
- Broca's area is located in the brain and is crucial for speech production.
Specific Brain Functions
- The temporal lobe houses the olfactory area responsible for smell.
- The frontal lobe contains the primary motor area, enabling voluntary muscular control.
- The hypothalamus is closely associated with the pituitary gland, regulating endocrine functions.
- Cerebrospinal fluid circulates throughout the brain, excluding the corpus callosum.
Consciousness and Autonomic Control
- The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brain stem controls consciousness and sleep cycles.
- Thalamus regulates bodily functions such as temperature, metabolism, and thirst.
- Vital centers in the medulla oblongata monitor heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
Coordination and Protective Layers
- Coordination loss is a result of cerebellum damage.
- The meninges consist of three layers from outermost to innermost: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.
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Description
Explore the essential components and functions of the nervous system. This quiz covers the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron types, impulse conduction, and the role of myelin. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to facilitate communication within the body.
