66 Questions
Which organisms can adapt to extreme environments such as high or low temperatures, high acidity, or extreme pressure?
Extremophiles
What were the first organisms to produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis?
Cyanobacteria
What caused the current levels of oxygen in the atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria
When did the oxygen levels rise to their current level?
600 million years ago
What is the Miller-Urey experiment?
An experiment to simulate the conditions of early Earth
Which of the following is true about extremophiles?
They can adapt to extreme environments
When did the oxygen levels rise to their current level?
600 million years ago
What caused the current levels of oxygen in the atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria
Which of the following is true about extremophiles?
They can adapt to extreme environments
What is the significance of cyanobacteria in relation to oxygen levels?
Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis
When did the oxygen levels rise to their current level?
About 600 million years ago
Which layer of the geosphere is the thinnest and comprises only 1% of Earth's volume?
Continental crust
What is the upper limit of our atmosphere called?
Exosphere
What is the critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions?
Ionosphere
What is the largest sphere of Earth with a depth of 6400 km?
Geosphere
What is the zone of life called?
Biosphere
Which layer of the geosphere is the thinnest and comprises only 1% of Earth's volume?
Crust
What is the upper limit of our atmosphere called?
Exosphere
What is the critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions?
Ionosphere
Which layer of the geosphere is the thickest and comprises 82% of Earth's volume?
Mantle
What is the upper limit of our atmosphere called?
Exosphere
What is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans called?
Anthroposphere
What is the process by which metamorphic rocks are formed?
Heat and pressure
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?
The arrangement of mineral crystals
What are the two types of metamorphic rocks based on foliation?
Nonfoliated and foliated
What are the three types of metamorphism?
Contact, burial, and regional
What are the agents needed in metamorphism?
Heat and pressure
Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphism?
Volcanic metamorphism
Which type of igneous rock is formed when magma solidifies beneath the Earth's surface?
Plutonic igneous rock
Which type of magma has high silica content, low temperature, high viscosity, and high gas content?
Rhyolitic magma
Which type of metamorphism occurs when a large mass of rocks is exposed to differential stress and high temperature?
Regional Metamorphism
What is the term used to describe the arrangement of mineral crystals in metamorphic rocks?
Foliation
What are the two types of igneous rocks based on their formation location?
Intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks
During which period did fishes become the dominant creatures of the sea?
Devonian
When did scorpions and millipedes first appear on land?
Silurian
Which period is believed to have signs of the first amphibians and seed plants?
Devonian
During which era did reptiles become the most dominant organisms?
Mesozoic Era
Which era is known as the 'Age of Mammals'?
Cenozoic Era
During which era did reptiles become the most dominant organisms?
Mesozoic Era
Which period marked the mass extinction of the huge land-dwelling dinosaurs?
Cretaceous Period
Which era is known as the Age of Mammals?
Cenozoic Era
During which period did scorpions and millipedes appear on land?
Silurian
Which era is known as the 'Age of Reptiles'?
Mesozoic Era
When did mammals become the dominant species?
Cenozoic Era
Which term refers specifically to the area where land meets the sea or ocean?
Coastline
What is the process of wearing down coastlines by the movement of wind and water called?
Coastal erosion
Which classification of stabilizing the shoreline involves building structures like jetties and seawalls?
Hard Stabilization
What is the act of being completely held underwater for a long time called?
Submersion
What is the movement of saltwater into the freshwater aquifer called?
Saltwater intrusion
Which of the following is a classification of stabilizing the shoreline?
All of the above
What is the main cause of coastal erosion?
All of the above
What is saltwater intrusion?
The movement of saltwater into the freshwater aquifer
Which of the following is NOT a coastal process that can result in coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater intrusion?
Rainfall
What is the primary cause of submersion in coastal areas?
Increase in global temperature
What is the most effective method to prevent saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers?
Build two wells
Which organelle is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins in a cell?
Golgi body
What is the rigid outer covering of a plant cell called?
Cell wall
Which organelle is responsible for storing food in a plant cell?
Vacuole
What is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell?
Chloroplast
What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?
Allow communication between individual plant cells
Which organelle is responsible for capturing energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What is the most important source of energy for cellular respiration?
Glucose
What is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things?
ATP
Which organelle is responsible for the packaging and distribution of proteins in a cell?
Golgi Body
What is the main source of energy for cellular respiration?
Glucose
Which type of organisms can make their own food using energy from sunlight?
Autotrophs
Study Notes
Extreme Environments
- Extremophiles are organisms that can adapt to extreme environments such as high or low temperatures, high acidity, or extreme pressure.
Oxygen Production
- Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis.
- The oxygen levels in the atmosphere rose to their current level about 2.7 billion years ago.
- The current levels of oxygen in the atmosphere were caused by the oxygen produced by cyanobacteria through photosynthesis.
Earth's Structure
- The lithosphere is the thinnest layer of the geosphere, comprising only 1% of Earth's volume.
- The atmosphere's upper limit is called the exosphere.
- The critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions is the biosphere.
- The largest sphere of Earth is the mantle, with a depth of 6400 km.
- The zone of life is called the biosphere.
Geology
- Metamorphic rocks are formed through the process of metamorphism.
- Foliation is the arrangement of mineral crystals in metamorphic rocks.
- There are two types of metamorphic rocks based on foliation: foliated and non-foliated.
- The three types of metamorphism are contact, regional, and dynamic metamorphism.
- The agents needed in metamorphism are heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
- Hydrothermal metamorphism is not a type of metamorphism.
- Igneous rocks formed when magma solidifies beneath the Earth's surface are called intrusive rocks.
- Magma with high silica content, low temperature, high viscosity, and high gas content is called acidic magma.
- Regional metamorphism occurs when a large mass of rocks is exposed to differential stress and high temperature.
Evolution
- During the Silurian period, fishes became the dominant creatures of the sea.
- Scorpions and millipedes first appeared on land during the Silurian period.
- The Devonian period is believed to have signs of the first amphibians and seed plants.
- During the Mesozoic era, reptiles became the most dominant organisms.
- The Cenozoic era is known as the 'Age of Mammals'.
Coastal Processes
- The term that refers specifically to the area where land meets the sea or ocean is called the coastline.
- The process of wearing down coastlines by the movement of wind and water is called erosion.
- The classification of stabilizing the shoreline involves building structures like jetties and seawalls is called hard stabilization.
- The act of being completely held underwater for a long time is called submersion.
- The movement of saltwater into the freshwater aquifer is called saltwater intrusion.
- The main cause of coastal erosion is human activities such as coastal development and dredging.
Cell Biology
- The organelle responsible for packaging and distributing proteins in a cell is called the Golgi apparatus.
- The rigid outer covering of a plant cell is called the cell wall.
- The organelle responsible for storing food in a plant cell is called the vacuole.
- The site of photosynthesis in a plant cell is called the chloroplast.
- The function of plasmodesmata in plant cells is to facilitate communication and transport between cells.
- The organelle responsible for capturing energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells is called the chloroplast.
- The most important source of energy for cellular respiration is ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
- The energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things is ATP.
- Cyanobacteria are an example of organisms that can make their own food using energy from sunlight.
Test your knowledge on the Nebular Hypothesis theory, proposed by Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon de Laplace, which explains the origin of the Solar System. Explore the concept of the solar nebula and its role in the formation of our celestial neighborhood.
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