Earth and Life Science- First Semester (1st Quarter)
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Questions and Answers

Which organisms can adapt to extreme environments such as high or low temperatures, high acidity, or extreme pressure?

  • Photosynthetic organisms
  • Extremophiles (correct)
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Miller-Urey organisms

    • What were the first organisms to produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis?

  • Extremophiles
  • Photosynthetic organisms
  • Cyanobacteria (correct)
  • Miller-Urey organisms

    • What caused the current levels of oxygen in the atmosphere?

  • Photosynthetic organisms
  • Miller-Urey organisms
  • Cyanobacteria (correct)
  • Extremophiles

    • When did the oxygen levels rise to their current level?

    <p>600 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Miller-Urey experiment?

    <p>An experiment to simulate the conditions of early Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about extremophiles?

    <p>They can adapt to extreme environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the oxygen levels rise to their current level?

    <p>600 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the current levels of oxygen in the atmosphere?

    <p>Cyanobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about extremophiles?

    <p>They can adapt to extreme environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cyanobacteria in relation to oxygen levels?

    <p>Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the oxygen levels rise to their current level?

    <p>About 600 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the geosphere is the thinnest and comprises only 1% of Earth's volume?

    <p>Continental crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit of our atmosphere called?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions?

    <p>Ionosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest sphere of Earth with a depth of 6400 km?

    <p>Geosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the zone of life called?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the geosphere is the thinnest and comprises only 1% of Earth's volume?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit of our atmosphere called?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions?

    <p>Ionosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the geosphere is the thickest and comprises 82% of Earth's volume?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit of our atmosphere called?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans called?

    <p>Anthroposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which metamorphic rocks are formed?

    <p>Heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?

    <p>The arrangement of mineral crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of metamorphic rocks based on foliation?

    <p>Nonfoliated and foliated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of metamorphism?

    <p>Contact, burial, and regional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the agents needed in metamorphism?

    <p>Heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphism?

    <p>Volcanic metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of igneous rock is formed when magma solidifies beneath the Earth's surface?

    <p>Plutonic igneous rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of magma has high silica content, low temperature, high viscosity, and high gas content?

    <p>Rhyolitic magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metamorphism occurs when a large mass of rocks is exposed to differential stress and high temperature?

    <p>Regional Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the arrangement of mineral crystals in metamorphic rocks?

    <p>Foliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of igneous rocks based on their formation location?

    <p>Intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did fishes become the dominant creatures of the sea?

    <p>Devonian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did scorpions and millipedes first appear on land?

    <p>Silurian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period is believed to have signs of the first amphibians and seed plants?

    <p>Devonian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which era did reptiles become the most dominant organisms?

    <p>Mesozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era is known as the 'Age of Mammals'?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which era did reptiles become the most dominant organisms?

    <p>Mesozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period marked the mass extinction of the huge land-dwelling dinosaurs?

    <p>Cretaceous Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era is known as the Age of Mammals?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did scorpions and millipedes appear on land?

    <p>Silurian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era is known as the 'Age of Reptiles'?

    <p>Mesozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did mammals become the dominant species?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers specifically to the area where land meets the sea or ocean?

    <p>Coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of wearing down coastlines by the movement of wind and water called?

    <p>Coastal erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of stabilizing the shoreline involves building structures like jetties and seawalls?

    <p>Hard Stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the act of being completely held underwater for a long time called?

    <p>Submersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of saltwater into the freshwater aquifer called?

    <p>Saltwater intrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a classification of stabilizing the shoreline?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of coastal erosion?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is saltwater intrusion?

    <p>The movement of saltwater into the freshwater aquifer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a coastal process that can result in coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater intrusion?

    <p>Rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of submersion in coastal areas?

    <p>Increase in global temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective method to prevent saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers?

    <p>Build two wells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins in a cell?

    <p>Golgi body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rigid outer covering of a plant cell called?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for storing food in a plant cell?

    <p>Vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>Allow communication between individual plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for capturing energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important source of energy for cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the packaging and distribution of proteins in a cell?

    <p>Golgi Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms can make their own food using energy from sunlight?

    <p>Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extreme Environments

    • Extremophiles are organisms that can adapt to extreme environments such as high or low temperatures, high acidity, or extreme pressure.

    Oxygen Production

    • Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to produce oxygen gas through photosynthesis.
    • The oxygen levels in the atmosphere rose to their current level about 2.7 billion years ago.
    • The current levels of oxygen in the atmosphere were caused by the oxygen produced by cyanobacteria through photosynthesis.

    Earth's Structure

    • The lithosphere is the thinnest layer of the geosphere, comprising only 1% of Earth's volume.
    • The atmosphere's upper limit is called the exosphere.
    • The critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions is the biosphere.
    • The largest sphere of Earth is the mantle, with a depth of 6400 km.
    • The zone of life is called the biosphere.

    Geology

    • Metamorphic rocks are formed through the process of metamorphism.
    • Foliation is the arrangement of mineral crystals in metamorphic rocks.
    • There are two types of metamorphic rocks based on foliation: foliated and non-foliated.
    • The three types of metamorphism are contact, regional, and dynamic metamorphism.
    • The agents needed in metamorphism are heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
    • Hydrothermal metamorphism is not a type of metamorphism.
    • Igneous rocks formed when magma solidifies beneath the Earth's surface are called intrusive rocks.
    • Magma with high silica content, low temperature, high viscosity, and high gas content is called acidic magma.
    • Regional metamorphism occurs when a large mass of rocks is exposed to differential stress and high temperature.

    Evolution

    • During the Silurian period, fishes became the dominant creatures of the sea.
    • Scorpions and millipedes first appeared on land during the Silurian period.
    • The Devonian period is believed to have signs of the first amphibians and seed plants.
    • During the Mesozoic era, reptiles became the most dominant organisms.
    • The Cenozoic era is known as the 'Age of Mammals'.

    Coastal Processes

    • The term that refers specifically to the area where land meets the sea or ocean is called the coastline.
    • The process of wearing down coastlines by the movement of wind and water is called erosion.
    • The classification of stabilizing the shoreline involves building structures like jetties and seawalls is called hard stabilization.
    • The act of being completely held underwater for a long time is called submersion.
    • The movement of saltwater into the freshwater aquifer is called saltwater intrusion.
    • The main cause of coastal erosion is human activities such as coastal development and dredging.

    Cell Biology

    • The organelle responsible for packaging and distributing proteins in a cell is called the Golgi apparatus.
    • The rigid outer covering of a plant cell is called the cell wall.
    • The organelle responsible for storing food in a plant cell is called the vacuole.
    • The site of photosynthesis in a plant cell is called the chloroplast.
    • The function of plasmodesmata in plant cells is to facilitate communication and transport between cells.
    • The organelle responsible for capturing energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells is called the chloroplast.
    • The most important source of energy for cellular respiration is ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
    • The energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things is ATP.
    • Cyanobacteria are an example of organisms that can make their own food using energy from sunlight.

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