Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the text, what percentage of incarcerated youth have disabilities?
According to the text, what percentage of incarcerated youth have disabilities?
- 30%
- 85% (correct)
- 70%
- 15%
According to the text, what did the eugenics movement aim to do?
According to the text, what did the eugenics movement aim to do?
- Promote intelligence and physical traits
- Get rid of unfavorable characteristics (correct)
- Encourage diversity
- Support reproduction of devalued people
According to lifestyle theory, what are the three concepts that contribute to criminal behavior?
According to lifestyle theory, what are the three concepts that contribute to criminal behavior?
- Irresponsibility, self-indulgence, and negative interpersonal relationships
- Biological and environmental conditions, criminal thinking, and choices (correct)
- Conditions, choice, and cognition
- Impulsiveness, low IQ, and faulty thinking
According to Walters, what are the two thinking errors displayed by criminals?
According to Walters, what are the two thinking errors displayed by criminals?
According to Eysenck's criminal personality theory, which personality factors are more critical predictors of criminal behavior?
According to Eysenck's criminal personality theory, which personality factors are more critical predictors of criminal behavior?
According to Eysenck, which personality types have the greatest tendency for criminal behavior?
According to Eysenck, which personality types have the greatest tendency for criminal behavior?
According to the text, what did Jensen conclude about the influence of genetics and environment on intelligence?
According to the text, what did Jensen conclude about the influence of genetics and environment on intelligence?
What did Jensen argue about the influence of nature and nurture on intelligence?
What did Jensen argue about the influence of nature and nurture on intelligence?
According to the text, what did Shockley state about the difference between African American and European American IQ scores?
According to the text, what did Shockley state about the difference between African American and European American IQ scores?
What did Hernstein and Murray conclude about low IQ and criminal behavior?
What did Hernstein and Murray conclude about low IQ and criminal behavior?
According to Gordon's argument, what was more important than the link between IQ and socioeconomic status?
According to Gordon's argument, what was more important than the link between IQ and socioeconomic status?
According to Hirschi and Hindelang's review of research literature, what was IQ more closely related to?
According to Hirschi and Hindelang's review of research literature, what was IQ more closely related to?
According to the text, what was the label given to those who fell below the middle range of the average IQ scores?
According to the text, what was the label given to those who fell below the middle range of the average IQ scores?
According to the text, who was a popular American psychologist, eugenicist, and segregationist who played a key role in the eugenics movement?
According to the text, who was a popular American psychologist, eugenicist, and segregationist who played a key role in the eugenics movement?
According to the text, who conducted a study that contradicted the possible connection between IQ and crime by comparing the IQ scores of adult offenders to those of army draftees?
According to the text, who conducted a study that contradicted the possible connection between IQ and crime by comparing the IQ scores of adult offenders to those of army draftees?
According to lifestyle theory, what are the three concepts that contribute to criminal behavior?
According to lifestyle theory, what are the three concepts that contribute to criminal behavior?
What were the two personality types that Eysenck's criminal personality theory claimed had the greatest tendency for criminal behavior?
What were the two personality types that Eysenck's criminal personality theory claimed had the greatest tendency for criminal behavior?
What are the four higher-order factors that Eysenck believed personality depends on?
What are the four higher-order factors that Eysenck believed personality depends on?
What did Walters assert about criminality and faulty thinking patterns?
What did Walters assert about criminality and faulty thinking patterns?
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Study Notes
Incarcerated Youth with Disabilities
- 30-60% of incarcerated youth have disabilities
Eugenics Movement
- Aims to "improve" the human race through selective breeding and sterilization
Lifestyle Theory
- Three concepts that contribute to criminal behavior:
- Criminal opportunities
- Criminal motivations
- Criminal controls
Walters' Criminal Thinking
- Two thinking errors displayed by criminals:
- Miscalculation of consequences
- Misattribution of blame
Eysenck's Criminal Personality Theory
- Two personality types with the greatest tendency for criminal behavior:
- Extroverted personalities
- Neurotic personalities
- Four higher-order factors that personality depends on:
- Extraversion
- Neuroticism
- Psychoticism
- Lie scale
Intelligence and Criminal Behavior
- Jensen's conclusion: Genetics and environment both influence intelligence
- Jensen's argument: Nature and nurture both contribute to intelligence, but nature has a greater influence
- Shockley's statement: African American IQ scores are lower than European American IQ scores
- Hernstein and Murray's conclusion: Low IQ is linked to criminal behavior
IQ and Socioeconomic Status
- Gordon's argument: The link between IQ and socioeconomic status is less important than the impact of socioeconomic status on IQ
Hirschi and Hindelang's Review
- IQ is more closely related to socioeconomic status than criminal behavior
IQ Scores
- Those who fall below the middle range of average IQ scores are labeled "morons"
Key Figures
- Henry Goddard: A popular American psychologist, eugenicist, and segregationist who played a key role in the eugenics movement
Contradicting Research
- Study by Christianson: Contradicted the possible connection between IQ and crime by comparing the IQ scores of adult offenders to those of army draftees
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