The Nature of Arts

• "Man is the measure of all things," according to Protagoras.

Humanities

• Humanities comes from the Latin word "humanus," signifying human, cultured, and refined qualities.
• Being human involves rationality, benevolence, and care.
• Being cultured and refined involves exhibiting good taste and manners, indicative of proper education.

Art History

• Art's survival depends on its ability to evolve and change with the times, as it is based on ideas and their expression.

Nature of Arts

• The word "Aryan" comes from the root "ar," meaning "to join" or "to put together".
• The Latin terms "SARS, ARTIS" refer to everything artificially made or composed by man.
• Art constitutes one of humanity's oldest and most important means of expression.
• Humanities, through the arts, deals with man's internal world, his personality and experiences.
• Art is subjective, it employs perception and insights, which is why it provides enjoyment and stimulation.

Fundamental Principles of Humanities

• Humanism is linked to beliefs regarding freedom and the capacity of human beings to make meaningful personal choices within constraints like heredity, personal history, and environment.
• Human nature is inherently good.
• Individuals are free and capable of making choices.
• The potential for human growth and development is virtually unlimited.
• Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development.
• Individuals have an urge for self-actualization.
• Reality is defined by each person.
• Individuals have a responsibility to themselves and others.

Functions of Art

• Human need for expression like thoughts, emotions, imagination, dreams and aspirations are expressed in art.
• Social need for display, celebration, and communication, which means that inner world, share and convey to others, others may know, empathize and realize that people are interconnected.
• Physical need for functional objects, such as technology.

Functional Art

• Functional art is generally applied art created for use, designed to serve a purpose and with an aesthetic in mind.

Non-Functional Art

• Non-functional art encompasses paintings, sculptures, and all manner of fine art.
• Non-functional art seeks to engage with the viewer on an intellectual, emotional, or aesthetic level.

Art as Viewed by Philosophy

• Philosophy tries to explain almost all aspects of human existence.
• Aesthetics is the philosophical study of beauty and taste.

Plato

• The physical world as a copy of a perfect, rational, external, and changeless original, known as Forms.
• Art as imitation is a copy of a copy that distance people from the truth.
• Because art has the power to stir emotions, art should not go uncensored making it dangerous.

Aristotle

• Art as imitation or representation of nature.
• Universal elements of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry, and definiteness.

Immanuel Kant

• Beauty does not rest on properties of the objects or things but rather on the manner in which people respond to these objects, he believes beauty is a matter of taste.
• Subjective taste involves emotions being aroused.
• Universal taste exists.
• Subjective taste does not focus on the properties, but focuses on the pleasure one experiences as s/he responds to it.
• Universal taste is the non-aesthetic, that does not consider the beauty of the work or mastery of the artist but for what it is

Artist and Artisan

• An artist is a person who exhibits exceptional skills in the visual and/ or the performing arts.
• An artisan is a person who is in a skilled trade that involves making things by hand.

Art Forms

• Painting is the application of pigment to a surface.
• Sculpture is three-dimensional art.
• The Lucifer of Liège, carved by Guillaume Geefs in 1848. It depicts a tortured yet beautiful young man and is a replacement of another Lucifer carved by Guillaume’s younger brother Joseph a few years prior.
• Architecture is the most functional of all art forms, involving the creation of designs for buildings and infrastructures.
• Music is the art of sound expressed through a song, instrument, or both.
• Dance is the art of body movement that is attuned to a musical piece.
• Tinikling translates to “to be/perform like tikling" and is a local bird in the Visayas islands under the rail bird species.
• Maglalatik is a Philippine folk dance originating from Biñan, Laguna that depicts a battle between Christians and Muslims over coconut curd.
• Literature is the art of using words to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
• Theatre is the performance of drama.

Art Appreciation

• Art appreciation involves understanding the universal and timeless qualities of great art.
• Appreciating and understanding different eras, movements, styles, and techniques helps you develop, evaluate, and improve your own artwork.
• Appreciating, analyzing, and critiquing works of art develops students' ability.
• Students can articulate their understanding of the arts through knowledge of the practical, historical, philosophical, and social relevance of the arts.