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Questions and Answers
According to particle theory, what happens to the movement and spacing of particles when a substance is heated?
According to particle theory, what happens to the movement and spacing of particles when a substance is heated?
- Particles move slower and get closer together.
- Particles move faster and spread farther apart. (correct)
- Particles move slower and spread farther apart.
- Particles move faster and get closer together.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between cohesion and viscosity in a fluid?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between cohesion and viscosity in a fluid?
- Cohesion and viscosity are unrelated properties.
- Higher cohesion leads to higher viscosity. (correct)
- Lower cohesion leads to higher viscosity.
- Higher cohesion leads to lower viscosity.
A container holds 50 mL of a liquid with a mass of 40 grams. What is the density of the liquid?
A container holds 50 mL of a liquid with a mass of 40 grams. What is the density of the liquid?
- 1.25 g/mL
- 90 g/mL
- 0.8 g/mL (correct)
- 2000 g/mL
How does temperature affect the viscosity of a fluid, and why?
How does temperature affect the viscosity of a fluid, and why?
Which of the following scenarios would result in an object sinking in a fluid?
Which of the following scenarios would result in an object sinking in a fluid?
What distinguishes turbulent flow from laminar flow in a fluid?
What distinguishes turbulent flow from laminar flow in a fluid?
A block of wood has a mass of 150g and a volume of 200 cm³. Will it float or sink in water (density 1.0 g/mL)?
A block of wood has a mass of 150g and a volume of 200 cm³. Will it float or sink in water (density 1.0 g/mL)?
Which property of fluids is most directly related to their ability to lubricate?
Which property of fluids is most directly related to their ability to lubricate?
Why does a large cruise ship, which is made of steel (density approximately 7.8 g/cm³), float on water?
Why does a large cruise ship, which is made of steel (density approximately 7.8 g/cm³), float on water?
Which of the following best describes the role of blood as a fluid in the human body?
Which of the following best describes the role of blood as a fluid in the human body?
If two fluids have the same mass but different volumes, which fluid will have the higher density?
If two fluids have the same mass but different volumes, which fluid will have the higher density?
How does adhesion affect the behavior of fluids?
How does adhesion affect the behavior of fluids?
Which of the following applications relies on the properties of fluids to function?
Which of the following applications relies on the properties of fluids to function?
How does a fluid's flow rate relate to its viscosity?
How does a fluid's flow rate relate to its viscosity?
Why is understanding fluid dynamics important in designing aircraft?
Why is understanding fluid dynamics important in designing aircraft?
Which of the following best explains why sweat is effective in cooling the body?
Which of the following best explains why sweat is effective in cooling the body?
If a solid object is placed in a fluid and neither sinks nor floats, what can be inferred about the densities of the object and the fluid?
If a solid object is placed in a fluid and neither sinks nor floats, what can be inferred about the densities of the object and the fluid?
How does the particle theory explain why gases are more easily compressed than liquids?
How does the particle theory explain why gases are more easily compressed than liquids?
Which of the following scenarios would likely result in turbulent flow?
Which of the following scenarios would likely result in turbulent flow?
Determine the weight of an object with a mass of 10 grams if it displaces 8 mL of water. Will it float or sink?
Determine the weight of an object with a mass of 10 grams if it displaces 8 mL of water. Will it float or sink?
Flashcards
What are Fluids?
What are Fluids?
Substances that have the ability to flow, adapting to the shape of their container. Includes liquids and gases.
What role does blood play?
What role does blood play?
Acts as a transport system, delivering materials to cells and removing wastes.
What does oxygen do in our body?
What does oxygen do in our body?
Releases energy from food.
What is the function of sweat?
What is the function of sweat?
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What is the Particle Theory?
What is the Particle Theory?
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What is Turbulent Flow?
What is Turbulent Flow?
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What is Laminar Flow?
What is Laminar Flow?
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What is Viscosity?
What is Viscosity?
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What is Cohesion?
What is Cohesion?
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What is Adhesion?
What is Adhesion?
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What is Flow Rate?
What is Flow Rate?
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How does heat affect flow rate?
How does heat affect flow rate?
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What is Density?
What is Density?
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What is Buoyancy?
What is Buoyancy?
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Does mass determine if an object sinks?
Does mass determine if an object sinks?
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Study Notes
- Fluids are substances that flow, including liquids and gases.
Fluids in Our Lives
- Water slides use the force of water for entertainment.
- Water bottles provide hydration, essential for bodily functions.
- Blood transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
- Gases fuel vehicles and heat homes.
- Shampoo maintains cleanliness and hygiene.
How Fluids Function in the Body
- Oxygen releases energy from food.
- Blood transports materials to cells and removes waste.
- Sweat cools the body.
- Saliva lubricates food and initiates chemical digestion.
- Urine eliminates dissolved wastes.
- Stomach acid aids chemical digestion.
Particle Theory
- All matter consists of tiny particles.
- Particles have empty spaces between them.
- Particles are in constant motion.
- Heating causes particles to move faster and spread farther apart.
- Particles attract each other.
- Liquid and gas particles are less attracted and farther apart, allowing them to slide past each other and flow.
Types of Flow
- Turbulent flow is an irregular mixing flow pattern, exemplified by fast-flowing rivers.
- Laminar flow is a smooth flow pattern, such as in pipes and hoses.
Viscosity
- Viscosity measures how easily a fluid's particles slide past one another.
- Cohesion measures the attraction between a fluid's particles.
- Adhesion is the attraction between particles of different substances.
Flow Rate
- Flow rate measures how quickly fluids move, quantified as volume per unit time.
- Temperature affects flow rate; heat increases it, while cold decreases it.
- Higher temperatures make fluids less viscous due to particles gaining energy and moving faster, decreasing cohesion.
Density
- Density (D) is mass (m) divided by volume (V): D = m/V.
- Density is measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
- Density measures mass relative to volume; more particles in a space increases density.
- The density of water is 1.0 g/mL.
- Objects with a density higher than 1 will sink in water.
- Mass relates to the amount of particles, while volume relates to the amount of space.
- Mass is measured using a scale, and volume is determined by formula or water displacement
Buoyancy
- Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object.
- An object sinks if its density exceeds the fluid's density because the downward force is greater than the buoyant force.
- An object floats if its density is less than the fluid's density because the downward force is less than the buoyant force.
- Density, not solely mass or weight, determines whether an object sinks or floats.
- Heavy objects with large volumes can float if their density is less than 1, like a cruise ship.
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