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Questions and Answers
What was the primary aim of the nationalist movement in India from 1870 to 1947?
Gaining independence from British rule
When and where was the Indian National Congress (INC) formed?
December 1885 at Bombay
What were the two main groups into which the nationalist movement was divided?
Moderates and Extremists
What did the Moderates oppose in the nationalist movement?
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What fueled the emergence of nationalism in India during the nationalist movement?
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Name one of the various aspects of Indian society encompassed by the nationalist movement.
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Who led the Extremists in the Indian nationalist movement?
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What was the historic agreement signed by the Congress in December 1915?
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In which year did Mahatma Gandhi lead the Rowlatt Satyagraha?
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What movement did Mahatma Gandhi launch in 1942, demanding immediate independence?
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What did the Muslim League demand in 1940?
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What key event marked the end of British rule in India in 1947?
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Who were the Extremists in the Indian nationalist movement more radical than?
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What did the nationalist movement gradually become after 1919?
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What did the Quit India Movement demand from the British?
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What did the Congress and the Extremists decide to do in the historic Lucknow Pact?
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Study Notes
The Nationalist Movement (1870-1947)
The nationalist movement in India, which spanned from 1870 to 1947, was a period of intense political and social activity aimed at gaining independence from British rule. This movement encompassed various aspects of Indian society, including peasants, tribals, students, women, and even factory workers in some cases. The emergence of nationalism was fueled by several factors, including the British conquest of territories, the introduction of new laws and administrative institutions, changes in the lives of peasants and tribals, educational changes in the nineteenth century, debates regarding the condition of women, challenges to the caste system, social and religious reform, and the revolt of 1857 and its aftermath.
The Indian National Congress (INC)
The most important feature of the nationalist movement was the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in December 1885 at Bombay. The INC became the primary platform for nationalist leaders to express their demands and work towards self-governance.
Moderates and Extremists
The nationalist movement was divided into two main groups: the Moderates and the Extremists. The Moderates were opposed to the use of boycott, feeling that it involved the use of force. They dominated the Congress until the split in 1915. On the other hand, the Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, were more radical and advocated for immediate independence, even if it meant using force. In December 1915, the two groups reunited, and the Congress signed the historic Lucknow Pact, deciding to work together.
The Growth of Mass Nationalism
After 1919, the struggle against British rule gradually became a mass movement, involving large numbers of peasants, tribals, students, and women. Newspapers, articles, and speeches were published, criticizing British rule and its impact on the economy. The nationalist movement attracted peasants and the youth who gave up their studies to join it, and in many areas, people set up their own governments.
Key Events and Developments
- Rowlatt Satyagraha: In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi led the Rowlatt Satyagraha, a non-violent movement against the British, which further fueled the nationalist movement.
- Quit India Movement: In 1942, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement, demanding immediate independence and urging the British to "Do or Die" in their efforts to fight for freedom.
- Towards Independence and Partition: In 1940, the Muslim League demanded a separate Muslim state, which ultimately led to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947.
The nationalist movement culminated in the achievement of independence for India in 1947, marking the end of British rule in the country.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the nationalist movement in India from 1870 to 1947, a period of intense political and social activity aimed at gaining independence from British rule. Explore the formation of the Indian National Congress, the division into Moderates and Extremists, the growth of mass nationalism, key events and developments, and the culmination in India's independence in 1947.
