The Moon and the Sun: Epic Age Insights

Literature Overview

• Literature enhances appreciation of environment, personal evaluation, and life perspectives.
• Notable examples include mythological elements like The Moon and The Sun.

Epics

• Long narrative poems that detail heroic achievements and events.
• The origin of epics cannot be definitively established due to translation variations across languages.

Folk Songs

• Among the oldest forms of Philippine literature from the pre-Spanish period.
• Reflect the early forms of culture, commonly using 12 syllables.
• Examples include:
  • Kundiman
  • Kumintang
  • Ang Dalit
  • Tagumpay
  • Ang Oyayi
  • Hele

Other Forms of Poetry

• Epigrams (Salawikain): Proverbs serving as behavioral guidelines or moral lessons.
• Riddles (Bugtong): Composed of rhymed lines, typically 4 to 12 syllables.
• Chant (Bulong): Associated with witchcraft or enchantment.
• Maxims: Rhymed couplets typically having 5, 6, or 8 syllables.
• Sayings (Kasabihan): Used humorously or to comment on behaviors.

Major Forms of Literature

• Poetry: Written in lines, characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery; primarily expresses emotions and ideas.
• Prose: Natural flow of speech arranged in paragraphs; conveys complete thoughts logically.

Types of Poetry

• Narrative Poetry: Tells a story, includes characters, setting, and conflict.
• Dramatic Poetry: Written to be recited, tells a story through a character's perspective.
• Lyric Poetry: Focuses on emotions and personal feelings rather than narrative.

Types of Prose

• Fiction: Imaginative works with developed characters facing conflict; includes short stories, novels, and novellas across genres like crime, romance, and horror.
• Non-Fiction: Based on real events and experiences; includes essays, diaries, and commentaries.

Elements of Literature

• Represent identifiable characteristics of texts, common to narrative forms.
• Essential elements include theme, setting, conflict, point of view, and plot.

Themes

• Major ideas or truths expressed, varying between fiction and non-fiction.
• Associated themes include denotation, connotation, and moral lessons.

Setting

• Contextualizes time and place within the story:
  • Time: Historical epoch or seasonal context.
  • Environment: Characters' daily lives and occupations.
  • Atmosphere: Social, moral, and emotional conditions.

Conflict

• Types of conflict include:
  • Man vs. Man
  • Man vs. Nature
  • Man vs. Society

Character Development

• Flat: Underdeveloped, stock characters.
• Round: Well-developed with multiple traits.
• Static: Characters that do not change throughout the story.
• Dynamic: Characters that undergo significant internal changes.

Points of View

• First Person: Limited perspective (“I”).
• Third Person: Outside narrator; can be limited or omniscient.
  • Third Person Limited: Knows some aspects of characters' inner thoughts.
  • Third Person Omniscient: Knows all thoughts and emotions, often uses “you.”

Explore the significance of epics in understanding our environment and personalities through the example of 'The Moon and the Sun.' This quiz delves into the narrative nature of epics and their enduring impact on human perspectives. Test your knowledge on key themes and heroic achievements found in epic poetry.