The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry

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Questions and Answers

What conversion factor is used to convert between grams and moles?

  • Avogadro's number
  • Gas constant
  • Molar volume
  • Molar mass (correct)

How many grams of NaCl are present in 2.0 moles?

  • 58.44 g
  • 116.88 g (correct)
  • 175.32 g
  • 29.22 g

Calculate the number of moles in 50.0 grams of $CaCO_3$.

  • 0.50 mol (correct)
  • 1.00 mol
  • 2.00 mol
  • 0.25 mol

What is the percent composition by mass of carbon in $C_6H_{12}O_6$?

<p>40% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reaction, the theoretical yield of a product is 25.0 grams, but only 20.0 grams are actually obtained. What is the percent yield?

<p>80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the balanced equation $2H_2 + O_2 ightarrow 2H_2O$, if 4 moles of $H_2$ react, how many moles of $H_2O$ are produced?

<p>4 moles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of $K_2Cr_2O_7$?

<p>294.18 g/mol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have 10.0 grams of $H_2$ and 8.0 grams of $O_2$, which is the limiting reactant in the formation of water ($2H_2 + O_2 ightarrow 2H_2O$)?

<p>$O_2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A compound is found to contain 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass. What is its empirical formula?

<p>$CH_2O$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volume of $CO_2$ is produced at STP when 5.0 g of $CaCO_3$ reacts completely according to the equation $CaCO_3(s) ightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)$?

<p>1.12 L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules are there in 4.0 moles of $N_2$ gas?

<p>$2.4088 \times 10^{24}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass of oxygen is required to completely react with 10.0 grams of methane ($CH_4$) according to the equation $CH_4 + 2O_2 ightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O$?

<p>40.0 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reaction has a theoretical yield of 45.0 grams. If the actual yield is 36.0 grams, what is the percent yield?

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass percentage of hydrogen in water ($H_2O$)?

<p>11.19% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is needed to determine the empirical formula of a compound?

<p>Percent composition only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 10.0 g of hydrogen gas reacts with 70.0 g of oxygen gas, how many grams of water can be produced? The balanced chemical equation is $2H_2 + O_2 \longrightarrow 2H_2O$.

<p>78.75 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the reaction: $N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \longrightarrow 2NH_3(g)$. If you start with 56.0 g of $N_2$ and excess $H_2$, what is the theoretical yield of $NH_3$ in grams?

<p>68.0 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The percent composition of a newly synthesized organic compound was found to be 60.0% carbon, 4.48% hydrogen, and 35.52% oxygen. If the molar mass of the compound is 134 g/mol, what is the molecular formula?

<p>$C_6H_6O_3$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When heated, $CaCO_3$ decomposes into $CaO$ and $CO_2$ according to the equation $CaCO_3(s) \longrightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)$. If 50.0 g of $CaCO_3$ is heated, but only 20.0 g of $CaO$ is recovered, what is the percent yield of the reaction?

<p>71.4% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $2Al(s) + 3Cl_2(g) \longrightarrow 2AlCl_3(s)$, if 54.0 g of $Al$ reacts with 85.0 g of $Cl_2$, determine which reactant is the limiting reactant.

<p>$Cl_2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a mole?

The amount of substance containing the same number of entities as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12.

What is molar mass?

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

How to convert grams to moles?

To convert grams to moles, divide the mass in grams by the molar mass of the substance.

How to convert moles to grams?

To convert moles to grams, multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of the substance.

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What is percent composition?

The percentage by mass of each element in a compound.

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What is a limiting reactant?

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, determining the amount of product formed.

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What is theoretical yield?

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of limiting reactant.

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What is actual yield?

The actual amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction.

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What is percent yield?

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

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Why is a balanced equation important?

A balanced chemical equation is essential for stoichiometric calculations because it provides the mole ratios between reactants and products.

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How to find mole ratios?

Use the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation to determine the mole ratio between substances.

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What is Stoichiometry?

The study of the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical or chemical change

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What is isotopic abundance?

The relative masses of isotopes in a naturally occurring substance

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Study Notes

  • The mole is the standard unit of amount in chemistry
  • One mole contains Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) of entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.)
  • Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol)
  • It is numerically equal to the atomic or molecular weight of the substance in atomic mass units (amu)
  • The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula

Mole Conversions

  • To convert between mass and moles, use the formula: moles = mass / molar mass
  • To convert between moles and number of entities, use the formula: number of entities = moles x Avogadro's number

Percent Composition

  • Percent composition is the percentage by mass of each element in a compound
  • To calculate the percent composition of an element in a compound: % element = (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / molar mass of compound) x 100%

Stoichiometry

  • Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions
  • A balanced chemical equation is essential for stoichiometric calculations
  • The coefficients in a balanced equation represent the mole ratios of reactants and products

Limiting Reactant

  • The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction
  • It determines the amount of product that can be formed
  • To identify the limiting reactant, calculate the moles of each reactant and compare their ratios to the stoichiometric ratios in the balanced equation

Theoretical Yield, Actual Yield, and Percent Yield

  • Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants, assuming complete conversion and no loss
  • Actual yield is the amount of product actually obtained from a reaction
  • Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage: % yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

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