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Questions and Answers
Which theory was used to explain why people got diseases before the field of microbiology emerged on the scene in the later 1800s?
Which theory was used to explain why people got diseases before the field of microbiology emerged on the scene in the later 1800s?
- The Epidemic Theory
- The Contagion Theory
- The Miasma Theory (correct)
- The Germ Theory
What was the Miasma?
What was the Miasma?
- A type of bacteria
- A type of contagious disease
- A medical instrument
- A dark cloud of foul smelling air (correct)
Who firmly held to the Miasma Theory
Who firmly held to the Miasma Theory
- Farmers
- Scientists
- City dwellers (correct)
- Microbiologists
Which domain do bacteria belong to?
Which domain do bacteria belong to?
What are bacteria?
What are bacteria?
Which of the following microorganisms is not considered alive?
Which of the following microorganisms is not considered alive?
Which field of study emerged in the later 1800s and led to the understanding of microorganisms?
Which field of study emerged in the later 1800s and led to the understanding of microorganisms?
Which bacterium is the most common cause of impetigo?
Which bacterium is the most common cause of impetigo?
What type of infection is impetigo?
What type of infection is impetigo?
What is the usual depth of impetigo infection?
What is the usual depth of impetigo infection?
Although the golden age of microbiology was made possible by a lot of things, 3 major events that helped us get past the ______ cloud theory, what were they? 1. seeing is believing 2. you can't get something from nothing 3. Koch's germ theory
Although the golden age of microbiology was made possible by a lot of things, 3 major events that helped us get past the ______ cloud theory, what were they? 1. seeing is believing 2. you can't get something from nothing 3. Koch's germ theory
The first major event that helped us get past the miasma cloud theory was ______ is believing
The first major event that helped us get past the miasma cloud theory was ______ is believing
The second major event that helped us get past the miasma cloud theory was you can't get something from ______
The second major event that helped us get past the miasma cloud theory was you can't get something from ______
The third major event that helped us get past the miasma cloud theory was ______'s germ theory
The third major event that helped us get past the miasma cloud theory was ______'s germ theory
Which of the following best describes the term 'aseptic'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'aseptic'?
What does the term 'aseptic' mean?
What does the term 'aseptic' mean?
Septic means?
Septic means?
What is the main characteristic of a septic condition?
What is the main characteristic of a septic condition?
Which of the following is true about septic conditions?
Which of the following is true about septic conditions?
Which cells in your body form clusters called granulomas or tubercles around bacteria?
Which cells in your body form clusters called granulomas or tubercles around bacteria?
What causes the formation of tubercles in tuberculosis?
What causes the formation of tubercles in tuberculosis?
What are the clusters formed around bacteria called in tuberculosis?
What are the clusters formed around bacteria called in tuberculosis?
Which disease is used as an example of a chronic disease in the text?
Which disease is used as an example of a chronic disease in the text?
How long is the TB vaccine effective for?
How long is the TB vaccine effective for?
Which bacterium is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
Which bacterium is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
What is the main characteristic of tuberculosis?
What is the main characteristic of tuberculosis?
The works of Joseph lister. He was an English surgeon who was first used ______ spray in the operating room
The works of Joseph lister. He was an English surgeon who was first used ______ spray in the operating room
He got the idea from sanitary engineers after they ______ the Thames river when it got excessively smelly
He got the idea from sanitary engineers after they ______ the Thames river when it got excessively smelly
He noticed that it got rid of the ______
He noticed that it got rid of the ______
During Lister's time, how successful was surgery?
During Lister's time, how successful was surgery?
Who was Joseph Lister?
Who was Joseph Lister?
What did Joseph Lister first use in the operating room? and eventually soaking sutures in phenol.
What did Joseph Lister first use in the operating room? and eventually soaking sutures in phenol.
Which bacterium is the causative agent of childbed fever?
Which bacterium is the causative agent of childbed fever?
What was the cause of childbed fever according to Semmelweis and other obstetricians?
What was the cause of childbed fever according to Semmelweis and other obstetricians?
During the golden age of biology, what were some of the factors that led to new discoveries?
During the golden age of biology, what were some of the factors that led to new discoveries?
What was one of the key factors that contributed to the golden age of biology?
What was one of the key factors that contributed to the golden age of biology?
What was the significance of the white coat during the golden age of biology?
What was the significance of the white coat during the golden age of biology?
Semmelwies concluded that infectious ______ lead to Childbed fever, and those particles contained the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae.
Semmelwies concluded that infectious ______ lead to Childbed fever, and those particles contained the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae.
In Childbed fever, the ______ is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae.
In Childbed fever, the ______ is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae.
What are some old ways of thinking about what caused childbed fever?
What are some old ways of thinking about what caused childbed fever?
Which bacterium is the causative agent of childbed fever?
Which bacterium is the causative agent of childbed fever?
What is the main characteristic of a septic condition?
What is the main characteristic of a septic condition?
During which time period did Ignaz Semmelweis make his medical observations?
During which time period did Ignaz Semmelweis make his medical observations?
Where did Ignaz Semmelweis work as a doctor?
Where did Ignaz Semmelweis work as a doctor?
What does Ignaz Semmelweis' case illustrate about technology and new ideas?
What does Ignaz Semmelweis' case illustrate about technology and new ideas?
What is the usual outcome for both the mother and daughter in cases of acute childbed fever?
What is the usual outcome for both the mother and daughter in cases of acute childbed fever?
Childbed fever is caused by the bacteria ______
Childbed fever is caused by the bacteria ______
Some symptoms of childbed fever include fever, nausea, ______, and cognitive fuzziness
Some symptoms of childbed fever include fever, nausea, ______, and cognitive fuzziness
Acute childbed fever often results in a drop in ______, leading to shock
Acute childbed fever often results in a drop in ______, leading to shock
According to Semmelweis' observations, which of the following statements is true?
According to Semmelweis' observations, which of the following statements is true?
According to Semmelweis, which ward had a higher number of child bedfever cases?
According to Semmelweis, which ward had a higher number of child bedfever cases?
What did Semmelweis observe about child bedfever cases outside the hospital?
What did Semmelweis observe about child bedfever cases outside the hospital?
According to Semmelweis, what was the relationship between trauma to the mother and child bedfever cases?
According to Semmelweis, what was the relationship between trauma to the mother and child bedfever cases?
What happened to the surgeon who cut himself during an autopsy with a child bedfever mother?
What happened to the surgeon who cut himself during an autopsy with a child bedfever mother?
According to Semmelweis' observations, which ward had a higher number of child bedfever cases?
According to Semmelweis' observations, which ward had a higher number of child bedfever cases?
What did Semmelweis observe about child bedfever cases outside the hospital?
What did Semmelweis observe about child bedfever cases outside the hospital?
According to Semmelweis, what was the relationship between trauma to the mother and child bedfever cases?
According to Semmelweis, what was the relationship between trauma to the mother and child bedfever cases?
What happened to the surgeon who cut himself during an autopsy with a child bedfever mother?
What happened to the surgeon who cut himself during an autopsy with a child bedfever mother?
Which hypothesis states that life could arise from nonliving matter?
Which hypothesis states that life could arise from nonliving matter?
What is biogenesis?
What is biogenesis?
Which of the following bacteria are part of the skin microbiome?
Which of the following bacteria are part of the skin microbiome?
What is the rank of the skin in terms of the number and species that make up the microbiome?
What is the rank of the skin in terms of the number and species that make up the microbiome?
Approximately how many other species are part of the skin microbiome?
Approximately how many other species are part of the skin microbiome?
Which of the following is a cause of neonatal meningitis?
Which of the following is a cause of neonatal meningitis?
What are antibodies?
What are antibodies?
Which bacterium is the cause of neonatal meningitis?
Which bacterium is the cause of neonatal meningitis?
What are antibodies?
What are antibodies?
What is the difference between antibiotics and antibodies?
What is the difference between antibiotics and antibodies?
Which of the following is the primary cause of necrotizing fasciitis?
Which of the following is the primary cause of necrotizing fasciitis?
What is the main effect of necrotizing fasciitis on the tissue?
What is the main effect of necrotizing fasciitis on the tissue?
Fascia does what?
Fascia does what?
Which bacteria is the most common cause of cellulitis?
Which bacteria is the most common cause of cellulitis?
What is cellulitis?
What is cellulitis?
How does cellulitis spread in the skin?
How does cellulitis spread in the skin?
Who is the author narrator of the case of the red leg?
Who is the author narrator of the case of the red leg?
Who is the patient in the case of the red leg?
Who is the patient in the case of the red leg?
Did they end up amputating Eleanor's leg in the case of the red leg?
Did they end up amputating Eleanor's leg in the case of the red leg?
What medical procedures were performed on Eleanor's leg in the case of the red leg?
What medical procedures were performed on Eleanor's leg in the case of the red leg?
Did they end up amputating Eleanor's leg in the case of the red leg?
Did they end up amputating Eleanor's leg in the case of the red leg?
What was the purpose of putting Eleanor in a hyperbaric chamber?
What was the purpose of putting Eleanor in a hyperbaric chamber?
In The Case of the Red Leg patient, what factors did we learn that success depends on?
In The Case of the Red Leg patient, what factors did we learn that success depends on?
What were the three major events that helped us get past the 'miasma cloud theory'?
What were the three major events that helped us get past the 'miasma cloud theory'?
Can cellulitis affect fascia and muscle?
Can cellulitis affect fascia and muscle?
Can impetigo affect the dermis?
Can impetigo affect the dermis?
What bacteria is a major cause of Osteomyelitis?
What bacteria is a major cause of Osteomyelitis?
The 2 public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on world health are?
The 2 public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on world health are?
What are the two public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on world health?
What are the two public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on world health?
Which term describes the changes to the microbiome after an organism has died?
Which term describes the changes to the microbiome after an organism has died?
What is the main difference between the necrobiome and the microbiome?
What is the main difference between the necrobiome and the microbiome?
Which of the following best defines a microbiome?
Which of the following best defines a microbiome?
What is the main characteristic of a microbiome?
What is the main characteristic of a microbiome?
Which microbe is responsible for causing a recurring and debilitating infection of the gut?
Which microbe is responsible for causing a recurring and debilitating infection of the gut?
What experimental treatment did Colleen Kelly try on her patient with a Clostridium difficile infection?
What experimental treatment did Colleen Kelly try on her patient with a Clostridium difficile infection?
What is the significance of the application of microbiome knowledge in Colleen Kelly's case?
What is the significance of the application of microbiome knowledge in Colleen Kelly's case?
What is the role of antibiotics in causing severe diarrhea?
What is the role of antibiotics in causing severe diarrhea?
How does fecal transplant help in restoring normal gut flora?
How does fecal transplant help in restoring normal gut flora?
What is the main consequence of c diff bacteria overgrowth in the gut?
What is the main consequence of c diff bacteria overgrowth in the gut?
Which of the following were the two obstacles to major surgery before the Golden Age of Microbiology?
Which of the following were the two obstacles to major surgery before the Golden Age of Microbiology?
How does anesthesia affect the ability to perform better surgeries?
How does anesthesia affect the ability to perform better surgeries?
What were the two obstacles to major surgery leading up to the Golden Age of Microbiology?
What were the two obstacles to major surgery leading up to the Golden Age of Microbiology?
How did anesthesia help in broadening surgical options?
How did anesthesia help in broadening surgical options?
Who conducted the experiment disproving the theory of spontaneous generation?
Who conducted the experiment disproving the theory of spontaneous generation?
What type of glassware did Pasteur use in his experiment?
What type of glassware did Pasteur use in his experiment?
What happened to the broth boiled within the curve-necked flasks?
What happened to the broth boiled within the curve-necked flasks?
What did Pasteur's experiments effectively show?
What did Pasteur's experiments effectively show?
What did Pasteur's S-shaped flask do?
What did Pasteur's S-shaped flask do?
What is the purpose of isolating the pathogen on agar or broth in Koch's postulates?
What is the purpose of isolating the pathogen on agar or broth in Koch's postulates?
What is the final step in Koch's postulates?
What is the final step in Koch's postulates?
Koch's 4 postulates: In order to have microbial disease, you must have 1. The ______ disease in all cases
Koch's 4 postulates: In order to have microbial disease, you must have 1. The ______ disease in all cases
Koch's 4 postulates: In order to have microbial disease, you must have 2. isolate ______ on agar or broth
Koch's 4 postulates: In order to have microbial disease, you must have 2. isolate ______ on agar or broth
Koch's 4 postulates: In order to have microbial disease, you must have 3. put isolated ______ back into a healthy host, wait for host to get sick
Koch's 4 postulates: In order to have microbial disease, you must have 3. put isolated ______ back into a healthy host, wait for host to get sick
During the 1800s, what percentage of all infection deaths were caused by Tuberculosis?
During the 1800s, what percentage of all infection deaths were caused by Tuberculosis?
What impact did Tuberculosis have on people and their families?
What impact did Tuberculosis have on people and their families?
What was the profession of Koch during the 1800s?
What was the profession of Koch during the 1800s?
What theory had to be rejected before microbiology could move forward?
What theory had to be rejected before microbiology could move forward?
A-------and------theory about life and disease needed to replace spontaneous generation before microbiology can move forward
A-------and------theory about life and disease needed to replace spontaneous generation before microbiology can move forward
What did the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation lead to the theory of biogenesis which helped advance microbiology?
What did the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation lead to the theory of biogenesis which helped advance microbiology?
What is the purpose of endospore formation in soil bacteria?
What is the purpose of endospore formation in soil bacteria?
Why are Bacillus bacteria a major concern in clinics and hospitals?
Why are Bacillus bacteria a major concern in clinics and hospitals?
How do most soil bacteria survive unfavorable conditions?
How do most soil bacteria survive unfavorable conditions?
What happens to endospores when conditions become favorable again?
What happens to endospores when conditions become favorable again?
What makes endospores a challenge in clinics and hospitals?
What makes endospores a challenge in clinics and hospitals?
What do we now know about the survival capability of most soil bacteria?
What do we now know about the survival capability of most soil bacteria?
Which of the following is true about the lung microbiome?
Which of the following is true about the lung microbiome?
What is the primary cause of post-burn fatalities and chronic infections in Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the primary cause of post-burn fatalities and chronic infections in Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the purpose of breast milk for a newborn?
What is the purpose of breast milk for a newborn?
What are some challenges that microbes face when living on the skin?
What are some challenges that microbes face when living on the skin?
Why do microbes on the skin need to have adaptations to survive?
Why do microbes on the skin need to have adaptations to survive?
In order for microbial diseases to occur, what are the three factors that must be considered?
In order for microbial diseases to occur, what are the three factors that must be considered?
Why would Escherichia coli not cause skin infections?
Why would Escherichia coli not cause skin infections?
The ciliary escalator is made up of ______ and cilia.
The ciliary escalator is made up of ______ and cilia.
How many species of bacteria ______, the cornea that is?
How many species of bacteria ______, the cornea that is?
The works of Joseph lister. He was an English surgeon who was first used ______ spray in the operating room
The works of Joseph lister. He was an English surgeon who was first used ______ spray in the operating room
Which bacterium is the primary cause of tuberculosis?
Which bacterium is the primary cause of tuberculosis?
What is the number one cause of neonatal meningitis?
What is the number one cause of neonatal meningitis?
Which bacterium causes acute infections in burn victims and chronic infections in tuberculosis victims?
Which bacterium causes acute infections in burn victims and chronic infections in tuberculosis victims?
Who developed the single lensed microscope and viewed microorganisms such as bacteria and protist?
Who developed the single lensed microscope and viewed microorganisms such as bacteria and protist?
What did Zeiss Corporation do with the microscope that was so influential in microbiology?
What did Zeiss Corporation do with the microscope that was so influential in microbiology?
What was the benefit of adding a second lens to the microscope?
What was the benefit of adding a second lens to the microscope?
Why were otoscope, ophthalmoscope, otoscope, and stethoscope considered disruptive medical technologies?
Why were otoscope, ophthalmoscope, otoscope, and stethoscope considered disruptive medical technologies?
What was the main reason these medical technologies were considered disruptive?
What was the main reason these medical technologies were considered disruptive?
What social norms did these medical technologies disrupt?
What social norms did these medical technologies disrupt?
Tuberculosis used to be called?
Tuberculosis used to be called?
Why was tuberculosis called consumption?
Why was tuberculosis called consumption?
Study Notes
Microbiology History
- Before the field of microbiology emerged in the later 1800s, the Miasma Theory was used to explain why people got diseases.
- The Miasma Theory was firmly held by many, including doctors and scientists.
Microbiology Basics
- Bacteria belong to the domain Bacteria.
- Bacteria are a type of microorganism.
- Viruses are not considered alive.
Impetigo
- Impetigo is a type of skin infection caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
- Impetigo is usually superficial, affecting the epidermis.
Microbiology Golden Age
- The Golden Age of Microbiology was made possible by three major events: "seeing is believing", "you can't get something from nothing", and Koch's germ theory.
- "Seeing is believing" refers to the idea that microorganisms must be observed to be believed.
- "You can't get something from nothing" refers to the idea that spontaneous generation is not possible.
- Koch's germ theory states that microorganisms cause disease.
Aseptic and Septic Conditions
- Aseptic means free from microorganisms.
- Septic means infected with microorganisms.
- Septic conditions are characterized by the presence of microorganisms.
- Granulomas or tubercles are formed around bacteria in the body, particularly in tuberculosis.
Joseph Lister
- Joseph Lister was an English surgeon who introduced antiseptic surgery.
- He used carbolic acid spray in the operating room.
- He got the idea from sanitary engineers after they cleaned up the Thames River.
- He noticed that it got rid of the bad smell.
Childbed Fever
- Childbed fever is a type of infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae.
- It was a major cause of death in childbirth before the discovery of antibiotics.
- Symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, and cognitive fuzziness.
- Acute childbed fever often results in a drop in blood pressure, leading to shock.
Ignaz Semmelweis
- Ignaz Semmelweis made medical observations during the 1840s.
- He worked as a doctor in Vienna, Austria.
- He concluded that infectious particles lead to childbed fever.
- He observed that childbed fever cases were higher in the ward where doctors and medical students examined patients.
Skin Microbiome
- The skin microbiome is composed of many different species of bacteria.
- The skin is ranked second in terms of the number and species of microorganisms that make up the microbiome.
- Approximately 100,000 other species are part of the skin microbiome.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
- Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- It affects the fascia, leading to tissue death.
- Fascia is a type of connective tissue that surrounds muscles.
Antibiotics and Antibodies
- Antibiotics are medications that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
- Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to fight infections.
- The difference between antibiotics and antibodies is that antibiotics are external agents, while antibodies are internal proteins produced by the immune system.
Microbiome and Necrobiome
- The microbiome is the collection of microorganisms that live on and inside the human body.
- The necrobiome is the collection of microorganisms that colonize and decompose the human body after death.
- The main difference between the microbiome and necrobiome is that the microbiome is present in living organisms, while the necrobiome is present in dead organisms.
Public Health Interventions
- The two public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on world health are vaccination and sanitation.
Microbiology Applications
- The application of microbiome knowledge has led to the development of experimental treatments, such as fecal transplants.
- The significance of the application of microbiome knowledge is that it has led to new treatments and a better understanding of the human body.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Miasma Theory and its role in explaining disease transmission before the advent of microbiology. Explore the belief in a foul-smelling cloud of bad air causing illness in this informative quiz.
