The Manchu Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)

Study Notes

The Manchu Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)

The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Manchus, a federation of Jurchen tribes, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
The last Ming emperor was forced to commit suicide by Li Tzucheng, a bandit leader who had amassed wealth and invaded the capital of Beijing.
The Chinese military general sought the Manchu's assistance in ending Li Tzucheng's banditry, and after driving him away, the Manchus established their own dynasty.

Territorial Extent and Governance

The Qing Dynasty's territory included Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea, Indochina, Tibet, east Turkestan, and the provinces of China.
Peking served as the capital of the Qing Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty observed Chinese customs and traditions, accepted Confucianism, and appointed members of the Chinese nobility in their court.
They maintained firm control over sensitive government positions and continued the practice of conducting examinations for those who wanted to serve in government.

Manchu Identity and Traditions

The Manchus maintained their own distinct identity and traditions, including their manner of dressing and hairstyle, with a shaved front and braid down the back of the head.
They forbade intermarriages with the Chinese and the custom of foot binding among the women of the Chinese elite.

Notable Emperors

Emperor Kangxi ruled from 1661 to 1772 and brought glory to the Qing Dynasty.
Kangxi issued a proclamation that emphasized the importance of following Confucius' teachings and the government's policies.
Emperor Chien Lung, Kangxi's grandson, ruled from 1736 to 1796 and extended Chinese influence over Korea, Anman, Burma, and Nepal.
Chien Lung was a prolific poet and an expert in calligraphy, earning the respect of scholars.

Trade and Colonization

The Middle East was a rich source of spices during this period, making it a valuable commodity.
The Christian countries' launch of the Crusades led to the prohibition of trade between Christian countries and the Middle East.
The Venetian traders profited immensely from trade, and Spain and Portugal aspired to take part in the spice trade, leading to colonization efforts.
Catholic missionaries wanted to spread Christianity throughout, another compelling reason for colonization.

Description

Learn about the rise of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, founded by the chieftains of the Manchus, a federation of Jurchen tribes. Discover how the last Ming emperor was overthrown and how the Manchus established their rule in China. Test your knowledge of this pivotal period in Chinese history!