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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'habeas corpus' assure citizens?
What does the term 'habeas corpus' assure citizens?
The Magna Carta was solely focused on the rights of common people.
The Magna Carta was solely focused on the rights of common people.
False
What are the three main points established by the Magna Carta?
What are the three main points established by the Magna Carta?
The king is not above the law, the king must consult nobles before imposing new taxes, and no one can be illegally arrested.
The Magna Carta is also known as the 'Great ______.'
The Magna Carta is also known as the 'Great ______.'
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Match the event with its significance in the decline of feudalism:
Match the event with its significance in the decline of feudalism:
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Which principle from the Magna Carta evolved into the modern legal principle of habeas corpus?
Which principle from the Magna Carta evolved into the modern legal principle of habeas corpus?
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The Hundred Years' War was fought between England and Germany.
The Hundred Years' War was fought between England and Germany.
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What was one of the first assertions made by the Magna Carta regarding people's rights?
What was one of the first assertions made by the Magna Carta regarding people's rights?
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What was the primary role of Joan of Arc in the context of the French troops?
What was the primary role of Joan of Arc in the context of the French troops?
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Joan of Arc was captured by the English forces during a military campaign.
Joan of Arc was captured by the English forces during a military campaign.
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What was the fate of Joan of Arc after her capture?
What was the fate of Joan of Arc after her capture?
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Joan of Arc was considered _____ for her ability to hear voices, which some believed were signs from God.
Joan of Arc was considered _____ for her ability to hear voices, which some believed were signs from God.
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What contributed to the decline of feudalism during the Hundred Years’ War?
What contributed to the decline of feudalism during the Hundred Years’ War?
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Match the following terms to their descriptions:
Match the following terms to their descriptions:
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The introduction of cannons during the Hundred Years' War made feudal castles more effective in warfare.
The introduction of cannons during the Hundred Years' War made feudal castles more effective in warfare.
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What marked the last battle of the Hundred Years' War?
What marked the last battle of the Hundred Years' War?
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What strategy did the attacking army use during sieges?
What strategy did the attacking army use during sieges?
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If something is __________, it is completely and totally out of date.
If something is __________, it is completely and totally out of date.
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People in medieval Europe bathed regularly as part of their hygiene practices.
People in medieval Europe bathed regularly as part of their hygiene practices.
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Which weapon types were becoming less effective during the Hundred Years' War?
Which weapon types were becoming less effective during the Hundred Years' War?
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What cultural belief was associated with individuals who heard voices during historical times?
What cultural belief was associated with individuals who heard voices during historical times?
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People in feudal Europe primarily identified with their national king and country rather than local lords.
People in feudal Europe primarily identified with their national king and country rather than local lords.
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What was one major effect of the introduction of new weaponry on feudal warfare?
What was one major effect of the introduction of new weaponry on feudal warfare?
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Match the following elements with their historical significance in the Hundred Years' War:
Match the following elements with their historical significance in the Hundred Years' War:
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Feudalism developed due to the absence of a central __________ to provide protection.
Feudalism developed due to the absence of a central __________ to provide protection.
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In feudalism, the relationship between lords and vassals is based on mutual __________.
In feudalism, the relationship between lords and vassals is based on mutual __________.
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A __________ is a powerful leader who has military control and owns lands.
A __________ is a powerful leader who has military control and owns lands.
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Serfs were essentially __________ tied to the land and belonging to a lord.
Serfs were essentially __________ tied to the land and belonging to a lord.
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High-level lords in feudal society were born into __________.
High-level lords in feudal society were born into __________.
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Both lords and vassals were expected to provide __________ service in times of war.
Both lords and vassals were expected to provide __________ service in times of war.
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In feudalism, everyone was expected to both give something and __________ something.
In feudalism, everyone was expected to both give something and __________ something.
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The role of a high-level lord included the management of their own __________.
The role of a high-level lord included the management of their own __________.
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Feudalism emerged during a time of great __________ and invasions.
Feudalism emerged during a time of great __________ and invasions.
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The agreements in feudalism illustrate a system of __________ and loyalty.
The agreements in feudalism illustrate a system of __________ and loyalty.
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If the dead lord had younger sons, those sons wouldn’t inherit ______.
If the dead lord had younger sons, those sons wouldn’t inherit ______.
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Lords gave knights food, shelter, and ______; knights gave lords military service.
Lords gave knights food, shelter, and ______; knights gave lords military service.
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Any lord could make a contract to give a part of his land to another noble in return for military ______.
Any lord could make a contract to give a part of his land to another noble in return for military ______.
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A vassal was a person who owed military service to a ______.
A vassal was a person who owed military service to a ______.
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Lord David would summon his vassals—Lesser Lords Bill, Adam, and Mark—to come and fight with ______.
Lord David would summon his vassals—Lesser Lords Bill, Adam, and Mark—to come and fight with ______.
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Knights often agreed to work for a lord to earn their ______.
Knights often agreed to work for a lord to earn their ______.
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If Lord David was worried about a neighboring lord attacking him, he could give some pieces of his land to local ______.
If Lord David was worried about a neighboring lord attacking him, he could give some pieces of his land to local ______.
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This system of land for military service could go on indefinitely as long as people were willing to ______.
This system of land for military service could go on indefinitely as long as people were willing to ______.
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The region of ______ in modern-day France is famous for red wine.
The region of ______ in modern-day France is famous for red wine.
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Two new weapons that came into use during the Hundred Years' War were the Welsh longbow and the ______.
Two new weapons that came into use during the Hundred Years' War were the Welsh longbow and the ______.
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The introduction of the cannon contributed to the decline of ______ in a military way.
The introduction of the cannon contributed to the decline of ______ in a military way.
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The Welsh longbow gave the ______ an advantage in some of the early battles.
The Welsh longbow gave the ______ an advantage in some of the early battles.
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The basic element of feudal defense, a castle with thick ______, was less effective against cannons.
The basic element of feudal defense, a castle with thick ______, was less effective against cannons.
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The decline of feudalism was significantly influenced by the use of new ______.
The decline of feudalism was significantly influenced by the use of new ______.
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The introduction of the Welsh longbow and the cannon marked a shift in ______ during the Hundred Years' War.
The introduction of the Welsh longbow and the cannon marked a shift in ______ during the Hundred Years' War.
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The ______ longbow was particularly important for the English during the war.
The ______ longbow was particularly important for the English during the war.
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Henry of England controlled ___ of the land in France.
Henry of England controlled ___ of the land in France.
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Eleanor of Aquitaine was known for her ruthless schemes, including plotting to kill her ___ .
Eleanor of Aquitaine was known for her ruthless schemes, including plotting to kill her ___ .
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Philip II of France is commonly referred to as Philip _____.
Philip II of France is commonly referred to as Philip _____.
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Philip Augustus started a war against the Plantagenet kings of England after feeling troubled about English control of French _____.
Philip Augustus started a war against the Plantagenet kings of England after feeling troubled about English control of French _____.
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At first, Philip was not very successful fighting against Kings Henry II and _____ .
At first, Philip was not very successful fighting against Kings Henry II and _____ .
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Eleanor of Aquitaine's connection to both England and France was significant in shaping the _____ of those regions.
Eleanor of Aquitaine's connection to both England and France was significant in shaping the _____ of those regions.
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The increase of French royal power under King Philip _____ was a pivotal moment in the conflict with England.
The increase of French royal power under King Philip _____ was a pivotal moment in the conflict with England.
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Kings Henry II and Richard the Lionheart were part of the _____ dynasty in England.
Kings Henry II and Richard the Lionheart were part of the _____ dynasty in England.
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Philip defeated King John and forced him to swear __________ to France.
Philip defeated King John and forced him to swear __________ to France.
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Alfred the Great became the first king of __________ as a whole.
Alfred the Great became the first king of __________ as a whole.
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The Norman Conquest occurred in the year __________.
The Norman Conquest occurred in the year __________.
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Harold of Wessex was chosen as the heir to the throne by the council known as the __________.
Harold of Wessex was chosen as the heir to the throne by the council known as the __________.
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William of Normandy was a competitor to Harold during the succession crisis following Edward the __________’s death.
William of Normandy was a competitor to Harold during the succession crisis following Edward the __________’s death.
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Philip II’s victory in the Battle of __________ asserted his power over England.
Philip II’s victory in the Battle of __________ asserted his power over England.
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After the collapse of the Roman empire, several __________ arose in England, each with its own king.
After the collapse of the Roman empire, several __________ arose in England, each with its own king.
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Philip increased his __________ as king after gaining back the lost French territory.
Philip increased his __________ as king after gaining back the lost French territory.
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What was a key factor in the French victory during the conflict referenced?
What was a key factor in the French victory during the conflict referenced?
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What societal role did Joan of Arc hold during the conflict?
What societal role did Joan of Arc hold during the conflict?
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Which event marked a significant change in the fortunes of the French during their conflict with the English?
Which event marked a significant change in the fortunes of the French during their conflict with the English?
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How did Joan of Arc communicate her purpose to lead the army?
How did Joan of Arc communicate her purpose to lead the army?
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What was the state of Orleans during Joan of Arc's involvement?
What was the state of Orleans during Joan of Arc's involvement?
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What was the purpose of the Domesday Book ordered by William the Conqueror?
What was the purpose of the Domesday Book ordered by William the Conqueror?
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What does it mean for the most powerful men in the country to be William's vassals?
What does it mean for the most powerful men in the country to be William's vassals?
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How did land ownership influence power dynamics in Medieval Europe?
How did land ownership influence power dynamics in Medieval Europe?
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What actions did William the Conqueror take to consolidate his power in England?
What actions did William the Conqueror take to consolidate his power in England?
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What term best describes the allegiance owed by vassals to their lord?
What term best describes the allegiance owed by vassals to their lord?
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In what way did the Domesday Book assist William the Conqueror in governance?
In what way did the Domesday Book assist William the Conqueror in governance?
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What effect did William's rule have on the loyalty of powerful men in England?
What effect did William's rule have on the loyalty of powerful men in England?
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What can be inferred about William’s leadership style based on the presented content?
What can be inferred about William’s leadership style based on the presented content?
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What was the primary reason for the establishment of feudalism?
What was the primary reason for the establishment of feudalism?
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In the structure of feudalism, what role did lords play in relation to vassals?
In the structure of feudalism, what role did lords play in relation to vassals?
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What was the status of serfs within the feudal system?
What was the status of serfs within the feudal system?
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Which of the following best represents the concept of mutual obligation in feudalism?
Which of the following best represents the concept of mutual obligation in feudalism?
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What distinguishes a powerful warlord from a mere nobleman in feudal structures?
What distinguishes a powerful warlord from a mere nobleman in feudal structures?
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What did high-level lords typically have in common concerning their social status?
What did high-level lords typically have in common concerning their social status?
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How did the feudal system provide security during times of invasion?
How did the feudal system provide security during times of invasion?
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Which of the following statements is false regarding the relationship between lords and vassals?
Which of the following statements is false regarding the relationship between lords and vassals?
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What ultimately characterized the role of serfs within feudal society?
What ultimately characterized the role of serfs within feudal society?
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During periods of war, what was expected from knights within the feudal system?
During periods of war, what was expected from knights within the feudal system?
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What was a primary goal of monarchs during the decline of feudalism?
What was a primary goal of monarchs during the decline of feudalism?
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Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?
Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?
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Which of the following accurately reflects the status of nobles during the period of European feudalism?
Which of the following accurately reflects the status of nobles during the period of European feudalism?
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What was the significance of King Philip Augustus's actions?
What was the significance of King Philip Augustus's actions?
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What characterized the land of Aquitaine during the Postclassical period?
What characterized the land of Aquitaine during the Postclassical period?
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What was the outcome of Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?
What was the outcome of Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?
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How did the actions of figures like Eleanor of Aquitaine affect the balance of power in Europe?
How did the actions of figures like Eleanor of Aquitaine affect the balance of power in Europe?
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What was a consequence of the rise of monarchs' power during the feudal decline?
What was a consequence of the rise of monarchs' power during the feudal decline?
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What impact did the introduction of new weapons during the Hundred Years' War have on feudal castles?
What impact did the introduction of new weapons during the Hundred Years' War have on feudal castles?
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How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the rise of nationalism in Europe?
How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the rise of nationalism in Europe?
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Which of the following describes the term 'obsolete' as used in the context of warfare and feudalism?
Which of the following describes the term 'obsolete' as used in the context of warfare and feudalism?
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What primarily caused a decline in the traditional feudal loyalty system during the Hundred Years' War?
What primarily caused a decline in the traditional feudal loyalty system during the Hundred Years' War?
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Which weapon was specifically noted for giving an advantage to the English forces during early battles of the Hundred Years' War?
Which weapon was specifically noted for giving an advantage to the English forces during early battles of the Hundred Years' War?
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What does the rise of nationalism during the Hundred Years' War indicate about people's loyalties?
What does the rise of nationalism during the Hundred Years' War indicate about people's loyalties?
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What role did cannons play in changing feudal warfare during the Hundred Years' War?
What role did cannons play in changing feudal warfare during the Hundred Years' War?
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Which statement correctly reflects the effect of the Hundred Years' War on the concept of feudalism?
Which statement correctly reflects the effect of the Hundred Years' War on the concept of feudalism?
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Which English king's control of Aquitaine significantly contributed to the conflict with France?
Which English king's control of Aquitaine significantly contributed to the conflict with France?
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What was one of Philip Augustus's motivations for initiating conflict against the Plantagenet kings?
What was one of Philip Augustus's motivations for initiating conflict against the Plantagenet kings?
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What was one of the early challenges Philip Augustus faced when waging war against English kings?
What was one of the early challenges Philip Augustus faced when waging war against English kings?
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What impact did Eleanor of Aquitaine have on the English monarchy?
What impact did Eleanor of Aquitaine have on the English monarchy?
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What geographical area did English kings control that prompted Philip Augustus to engage in war?
What geographical area did English kings control that prompted Philip Augustus to engage in war?
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What was a consequence of English control over a large portion of French territory during this period?
What was a consequence of English control over a large portion of French territory during this period?
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Which aspect of Philip Augustus's rule is noted as important during his conflict with England?
Which aspect of Philip Augustus's rule is noted as important during his conflict with England?
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What historical significance does the conflict between Henry II and Philip Augustus have?
What historical significance does the conflict between Henry II and Philip Augustus have?
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What tactic did the attacking army employ during sieges to force a city into submission?
What tactic did the attacking army employ during sieges to force a city into submission?
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What was Joan of Arc's significance to the French troops?
What was Joan of Arc's significance to the French troops?
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What happened to Joan of Arc after her capture?
What happened to Joan of Arc after her capture?
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What historical perception was common regarding individuals who heard voices?
What historical perception was common regarding individuals who heard voices?
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What major cultural practice was noted in medieval European society?
What major cultural practice was noted in medieval European society?
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What was the significance of the Domesday Book for William the Conqueror's rule in England?
What was the significance of the Domesday Book for William the Conqueror's rule in England?
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What was the outcome for Joan of Arc after her trial?
What was the outcome for Joan of Arc after her trial?
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What did vassals owe to their lords as part of the feudal system?
What did vassals owe to their lords as part of the feudal system?
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What was the impact of the English capturing Joan of Arc?
What was the impact of the English capturing Joan of Arc?
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In which way did William the Conqueror demonstrate his authority after arriving in England?
In which way did William the Conqueror demonstrate his authority after arriving in England?
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What type of belief was associated with individuals who reported hearing voices in historical contexts?
What type of belief was associated with individuals who reported hearing voices in historical contexts?
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How did land ownership relate to power in Medieval Europe?
How did land ownership relate to power in Medieval Europe?
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What role did loyalty play in the feudal system?
What role did loyalty play in the feudal system?
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What was a direct outcome of the survey conducted by William?
What was a direct outcome of the survey conducted by William?
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What did the term 'vassal' signify in the context of feudalism?
What did the term 'vassal' signify in the context of feudalism?
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What was William's primary intention by showing authority after his arrival in England?
What was William's primary intention by showing authority after his arrival in England?
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What significant action did the English nobles take in 1215 regarding King John?
What significant action did the English nobles take in 1215 regarding King John?
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What was one notable issue regarding King John's treatment of individuals?
What was one notable issue regarding King John's treatment of individuals?
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Which aspect reflects the notable situation at Runnymeade during the signing of the Magna Carta?
Which aspect reflects the notable situation at Runnymeade during the signing of the Magna Carta?
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What was the primary obligation of a lord towards their vassals in the feudal system?
What was the primary obligation of a lord towards their vassals in the feudal system?
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How did King John's argument with the Pope affect England's relationship with the Catholic Church?
How did King John's argument with the Pope affect England's relationship with the Catholic Church?
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What was a consequence of the lack of a standing army in the feudal system?
What was a consequence of the lack of a standing army in the feudal system?
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What does the phrase 'mishmash of different stuff' imply in the context of King John's arguments?
What does the phrase 'mishmash of different stuff' imply in the context of King John's arguments?
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Which of the following statements reflects the social hierarchy in feudalism?
Which of the following statements reflects the social hierarchy in feudalism?
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What can be inferred about King John's personality based on his actions described?
What can be inferred about King John's personality based on his actions described?
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Which historical consequence stemmed from the signing of the Magna Carta for the future of English governance?
Which historical consequence stemmed from the signing of the Magna Carta for the future of English governance?
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What was a likely reason for the decline of feudalism in the later medieval period?
What was a likely reason for the decline of feudalism in the later medieval period?
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What role did constitutional government developments play in the decline of feudalism?
What role did constitutional government developments play in the decline of feudalism?
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In what manner is the signing of the Magna Carta viewed in the context of feudal rights?
In what manner is the signing of the Magna Carta viewed in the context of feudal rights?
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How did the introduction of new warfare technologies during the Hundred Years' War affect feudalism?
How did the introduction of new warfare technologies during the Hundred Years' War affect feudalism?
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What was a key characteristic of serfs in the feudal system?
What was a key characteristic of serfs in the feudal system?
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What major political change in France contributed to the decline of feudalism?
What major political change in France contributed to the decline of feudalism?
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Match the following roles in feudal society with their descriptions:
Match the following roles in feudal society with their descriptions:
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Match the following components of feudal relationships to their roles:
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Match the following weapons to their significance during the Hundred Years' War:
Match the following weapons to their significance during the Hundred Years' War:
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Match the following terms with their definitions in the context of feudalism:
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Match the following historical figures with their relationship to Eleanor:
Match the following historical figures with their relationship to Eleanor:
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Match the events with their significance regarding Eleanor's marriages:
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Match the following roles with their descriptions in the feudal system:
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Match the following terms with their descriptions related to Eleanor's life:
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Match the following concepts with their effects on royal power:
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Match the following titles with their definitions in the context of nobility:
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Match the following statements about Eleanor with their implications:
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Match the following actions with their purposes in the feudal system:
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Match the following elements with their significance in the context of feudalism:
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Match the following terms with their definitions in the context of feudalism:
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Match the following roles in feudalism with their responsibilities:
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Match the following medieval roles with their corresponding land-related actions:
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Match the following terms related to feudalism:
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Match the following terms to their descriptions related to power dynamics:
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Match the following events to their effects on feudalism:
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Match the following terms with their definitions related to land ownership:
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What is required for a safe landing when wingsuit flying?
What is required for a safe landing when wingsuit flying?
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Which of the following describes wingsuit flying?
Which of the following describes wingsuit flying?
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What distinguishes wingsuits from traditional skydiving suits?
What distinguishes wingsuits from traditional skydiving suits?
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What is a potential future development in wingsuit technology mentioned?
What is a potential future development in wingsuit technology mentioned?
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Who would likely not pursue wingsuit flying?
Who would likely not pursue wingsuit flying?
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What is a significant risk associated with high lining?
What is a significant risk associated with high lining?
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What is a common requirement for participating in the sport of creaking?
What is a common requirement for participating in the sport of creaking?
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Which of the following describes trick lining?
Which of the following describes trick lining?
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What is considered essential for a person to excel in skateboarding?
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What type of environment is particularly associated with the sport of creaking?
What type of environment is particularly associated with the sport of creaking?
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What does the term 'high lining' refer to?
What does the term 'high lining' refer to?
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Which of the following is a common concern for ice cross downhill participants?
Which of the following is a common concern for ice cross downhill participants?
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What is often necessary for someone to begin high lining?
What is often necessary for someone to begin high lining?
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What is the primary characteristic of bull riding as an extreme sport?
What is the primary characteristic of bull riding as an extreme sport?
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Volcano surfing involves riding down the slopes of what?
Volcano surfing involves riding down the slopes of what?
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How does ice climbing differ from regular mountain climbing?
How does ice climbing differ from regular mountain climbing?
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What are climbers expected to be aware of while ice climbing?
What are climbers expected to be aware of while ice climbing?
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What aspect contributes significantly to the thrill of bull riding?
What aspect contributes significantly to the thrill of bull riding?
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What physical challenge do ice climbers face?
What physical challenge do ice climbers face?
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Which extreme sport is credited to Zoltan Istvan?
Which extreme sport is credited to Zoltan Istvan?
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What is a critical factor when participating in volcano surfing?
What is a critical factor when participating in volcano surfing?
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What is a key difference between aid climbing and free climbing?
What is a key difference between aid climbing and free climbing?
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Which extreme sport is characterized by skating down a walled track?
Which extreme sport is characterized by skating down a walled track?
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What aspect attracts many motocross enthusiasts to the sport?
What aspect attracts many motocross enthusiasts to the sport?
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What motivates many free climbers during their climbs?
What motivates many free climbers during their climbs?
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What element is central to the experience of free climbing?
What element is central to the experience of free climbing?
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What is a common misconception about free climbers?
What is a common misconception about free climbers?
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Which statement accurately describes ice cross downhill?
Which statement accurately describes ice cross downhill?
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What is a notable comparison made between free climbing and another sport?
What is a notable comparison made between free climbing and another sport?
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What is a requirement for safe landing in wingsuit flying?
What is a requirement for safe landing in wingsuit flying?
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What new technology has recently influenced wingsuiting?
What new technology has recently influenced wingsuiting?
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Which of the following can a wingsuit pilot claim to resemble while flying?
Which of the following can a wingsuit pilot claim to resemble while flying?
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What emotional characteristic is humorously suggested as a requirement for wingsuit flying?
What emotional characteristic is humorously suggested as a requirement for wingsuit flying?
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What has been the primary form of wingsuit since the late 90s?
What has been the primary form of wingsuit since the late 90s?
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What essential skills must a person possess for high lining according to the description provided?
What essential skills must a person possess for high lining according to the description provided?
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Which statement best describes the nature of skateboarding as mentioned?
Which statement best describes the nature of skateboarding as mentioned?
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What equipment is necessary for someone practicing steep creaking?
What equipment is necessary for someone practicing steep creaking?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the experience of high lining?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the experience of high lining?
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What is one of the key safety considerations mentioned for creaking?
What is one of the key safety considerations mentioned for creaking?
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What aspect of ice cross downhill is noted as challenging for the average person?
What aspect of ice cross downhill is noted as challenging for the average person?
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Which sport has seen a surge in popularity since 2010, particularly in its trick form?
Which sport has seen a surge in popularity since 2010, particularly in its trick form?
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How is skateboarding characterized in its relationship to extreme sports?
How is skateboarding characterized in its relationship to extreme sports?
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What is a key characteristic of bull riding as an extreme sport?
What is a key characteristic of bull riding as an extreme sport?
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What does volcano surfing primarily involve?
What does volcano surfing primarily involve?
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What is one of the primary dangers of ice climbing?
What is one of the primary dangers of ice climbing?
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Which of the following factors contributes to the popularity of extreme sports like bull riding and ice climbing?
Which of the following factors contributes to the popularity of extreme sports like bull riding and ice climbing?
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Which statement best describes the nature of extreme sports?
Which statement best describes the nature of extreme sports?
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What is a significant historical aspect of volcano surfing?
What is a significant historical aspect of volcano surfing?
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What mindset is typically required for athletes participating in ice climbing?
What mindset is typically required for athletes participating in ice climbing?
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Which element is essential to safely participating in extreme sports like those mentioned?
Which element is essential to safely participating in extreme sports like those mentioned?
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What is the primary activity involved in ice cross downhill?
What is the primary activity involved in ice cross downhill?
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Which statement best describes the essence of free climbing?
Which statement best describes the essence of free climbing?
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What distinguishes motocross as an extreme sport?
What distinguishes motocross as an extreme sport?
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What motivates free climbers according to the content?
What motivates free climbers according to the content?
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How does ice cross downhill compare to downhill skiing?
How does ice cross downhill compare to downhill skiing?
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What is a common misconception about the motivation behind free climbing?
What is a common misconception about the motivation behind free climbing?
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What led to motocross becoming popular among motorcycle enthusiasts?
What led to motocross becoming popular among motorcycle enthusiasts?
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Why is free climbing considered trendy?
Why is free climbing considered trendy?
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Study Notes
The Magna Carta
- The Magna Carta is a significant document in the evolution of constitutional government
- It established the principle of the king being subject to the law.
- The document mandated the king's consultation with nobles before imposing new taxes.
- It included the right to not be illegally arrested or imprisoned—a principle that later developed into the concept of habeas corpus.
- Habeas corpus means "you can have the body" and ensures individuals are not arrested without cause or punished without trial.
- The Magna Carta was a foundational document in asserting the idea of individual rights.
- It was significant because it acknowledged the rights of nobles, which was a first step toward greater rights for all.
- The ideas of the Magna Carta are still present in both English and American law today.
The Hundred Years' War
- The Hundred Years' War contributed to the decline of feudalism.
- It was fought between England and France.
- Joan of Arc became a national rallying point for the French.
- This is significant because she was a female figure who gained enormous influence with the French people during a time when women were largely excluded from political and military power.
- The Hundred Years' War led to the development of new weapons, such as cannons, which rendered feudal castles obsolete.
- The development of castles becoming obsolete is important because it signifies the breakdown of the feudal system and the power structures that defined it.
- The war’s contribution to a rise in nationalism was significant because people started to identify more strongly with their nations as opposed to their local lords.
- Before the war, people felt greater loyalty to their local lords than to their king and country.
- The shift to national identity was an important step in the evolution of modern nation-states.
The Black Death
- The Black Death was a devastating epidemic that spread across Europe in the 14th century.
- It is crucial because it caused death and devastation over a large geographic area, and it is significant because it led to social and economic upheaval.
- The Black Death fundamentally altered the social fabric of Europe, shifting the balance of power and ushering in new social structures.
The Crusades
- The devastating impact on the Crusades was a major factor in ending feudalism, as the economic consequences of these wars were severe.
- The Crusades were a series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims.
- Significant to the breakdown of feudalism because it depleted human and financial resources, undermining the power of feudal lords by weakening the feudal system.
- The Crusades had an impact on the development of trade and commerce, and the spread of knowledge and ideas, but they also led to violence, bloodshed, and destruction.
Feudal System
- A system of mutual obligation where everyone gives something and receives something.
- Lords give land to vassals, in return, vassals offer military service.
Feudal Structure
- Powerful Warlord (King)
- High-level Lord
- High-level Lord
- Knights
- Serfs
Knights
- Knights were nobles who were not land owners, but worked as soldiers for lords who owned land.
Vassals
- A vassal owed military service to their lord.
Philip Augustus
- Philip II of France (Philip Augustus) was king after Louis VII.
- Controlled French territory and was troubled by England controlling so much land in France.
- Philip was not successful in his initial war against English Kings Henry II and Richard the Lionheart
- Philip’s luck changed with King John (Robin Hood stories), Philip defeated John and forced him to swear fealty to France.
Political Changes in England
- After the collapse of the Roman Empire, several kingdoms arose in England.
- Alfred the Great became the first king of England in the late 800s
Norman Conquest
- Edward the Confessor, an English king died in 1066.
- The Witan (a traditional Anglo-Saxon council) decided that Harold of Wessex should be the heir to the throne.
- William of Normandy also had a claim to the throne which resulted in a dispute.
Hundred Years’ War
- The Welsh longbow and the cannon were two new weapons used.
- The Welsh longbow gave the English an advantage in some battles.
- The French use of cannons significantly impacted feudal warfare.
- Traditional defenses of castles with thick walls were ineffective against cannons.
Feudalism
- Feudalism developed due to a lack of central government in Europe, leading to a need for protection from invaders
- Feudalism was a system of mutual obligation where people gave something (military service, loyalty, etc.) and received something in return (protection, land, etc.)
- There were multiple levels in feudal society, with lords obligated to grant land and protection to their vassals, including lower-level lords and serfs
Decline of Feudalism
- Monarchs sought to increase their power by taking power away from nobles and the Church.
- Eleanor of Aquitaine, a powerful figure in her time, owned a land known as Aquitaine, which was later controlled by both England and France. She was born the heir to this land and became a powerful political figure
- William the Conqueror conquered England and introduced the Domesday Book, which provided a comprehensive record of people and property, allowing for effective tax collection and defense planning
- William the Conqueror's actions solidified his authority and expanded the power of the English monarchy
- Joan of Arc, a French heroine, led an army to relieve the French city of Orleans during the Hundred Years’ War
- Joan of Arc's actions played a role in the eventual French victory, demonstrating the impact of individual leadership
- New weaponry, like cannons, rendered traditional castles and warfare obsolete, contributing to the declining importance of feudal lords and their associated structures
- The Hundred Years’ War fostered a sense of nationalism and unity within the nation, as people began to identify more with their countries than individual lords, further eroding the foundations of feudalism.
Feudalism
- A system of mutual obligation between lords and vassals
- Lords provided protection, food, and shelter to their vassals
- Vassals provided military service and labor to their lords
- Knights were vassals but did not own land, working for lords as soldiers
- Serfs were bound to the land where they were born, working for lords with no rights
Decline of European Feudalism
- Political factors led to the decline of feudalism in the second half of the Postclassical period (roughly 1000-1450)
- Increases in the power of kings played a significant role
- The beginnings of constitutional government in England contributed to the decline
- Advances in warfare also influenced the shift away from feudalism
French Royal Power
- The Capetian dynasty of monarchs in France focused on increasing royal power
- English control over significant portions of French land (Normandy, Anjou, Aquitaine) led to conflict with French monarchs
- Philip II of France (Philip Augustus) went to war against English kings to regain control of French territories
Magna Carta (1215)
- English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta
- Enshrined certain rights for nobles, challenging royal authority
- Served as a milestone in the development of constitutional government
Joan of Arc
- Became a symbol of French national identity during the Hundred Years' War
- Played a significant role in rallying the French troops against English forces
- Captured by Burgundians and then burned at the stake by the English as a witch
Feudalism in Europe
- Lords owned land and were born into a family that owned land.
- In return for military service, warlords gave land to nobles, making them lords.
- Lords could pretty much do whatever they wanted on their own land.
- Primogeniture was a system where land was only inherited by the oldest son of a family.
- Lords relied on vassals to provide military assistance.
- Knights were a type of noble who did not own land, but worked for lords in a military capacity.
- Serfs were common people who were bound to the land where they were born.
The Decline of European Feudalism
- The Capetian dynasty in France began to increase royal power.
- Eleanor of Aquitaine was queen of France and then England.
- Eleanor's marriage to Henry II of England put Aquitaine under English control.
- Philip II of France defeated King John of England and gained back all of the lost French territory.
- The Norman Conquest of 1066 resulted in William of Normandy becoming king of England.
- Joan of Arc, a teenager who had visions of saints, led the French army to lift the siege of Orleans.
Warlords Transition to Kings
- Extremely powerful warlords gained land and support from local nobles, who pledged their military service in exchange.
- These warlords eventually became kings, but their power was primarily derived from leading armies in battle.
- The title "lord" applied to all landowners, and the system of inheriting land became increasingly complex.
Primogeniture
- Under primogeniture, the oldest son inherits all of the father's land upon his death.
The Role of The Monarch
- Monarchs sought to increase their power by reducing power from the nobles and the Catholic Church.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
- Eleanor was the heir to Aquitaine, a large territory in France that shifted ownership between England and France numerous times throughout history.
Philip II's Rise to Power
- King Philip II of France defeated King John of England.
- Philip gained lost French territory and asserted authority over England, ultimately increasing his prestige as king.
- Capetian monarchs, successors to Philip II, also worked to diminish the power of the nobility.
Political Changes in England
- In the late 800s, King Alfred the Great became the first king of England as a whole.
The Norman Conquest
- After the death of King Edward the Confessor in 1066, a council called the Witan chose Harold of Wessex as the next king.
- William of Normandy, another claimant to the throne, invaded England, and defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings.
- William became king, and the Norman Conquest permanently changed England.
King John
- King John faced numerous challenges, including conflict with the Pope, which temporarily severed England's connection with the Catholic Church.
- He also frequently arrested people without due process, violating traditional rights.
The Magna Carta
- English nobles became increasingly unhappy with King John, and forced him to sign the Magna Carta in 1215.
- This document outlined the rights and liberties for both the nobility and commoners.
New Weapons and the Impact on Feudalism
- The Hundred Years' War saw the introduction of new weapons, the Welsh longbow and the cannon.
- The Welsh longbow gave the English an advantage in early battles, but cannons significantly weakened the effectiveness of traditional feudal defenses, such as fortified castles.
Top 10 Extreme Sports
- Bull Riding: Involves riding a bull for 8 seconds, testing riders' balance and endurance.
- Volcano Surfing: Involves riding down the side of an active volcano on a board.
- Ice Climbing: Ascending a frozen waterfall with specialized equipment, demanding stamina and technical skill.
- High Lining: A form of slacklining done at great heights, requiring focus, strength, and precise anchor points.
- Skateboarding: Performing tricks and navigating obstacles on a skateboard, often leading to injuries.
- Creeking: Descending steep waterfalls in a kayak, demanding bravery and technical expertise.
- Ice Cross Downhill: A high-speed race on ice skates down a walled track, filled with potential for crashes.
- Motocross: Riding motorcycles across challenging terrain, involving jumps and stunts.
- Free Climbing: Ascending rock faces without assistance, relying on climbing gear and personal skill.
- Wingsuit Flying: Jumping from high points with a suit designed for gliding, involving significant risk and adrenaline.
Notable Points
- Running of the Bulls: Not considered an extreme sport due to lack of skill and technique.
- Zoltan Istvan: Credited with pioneering volcano surfing.
- Philippe Petit: A renowned wire walker, associated with high lining.
- Vanilla Ice: Former three-time Grand National Motocross Champion, showcasing a connection between skateboarding and motocross.
- Jet-powered wingsuits: Represent a recent development in wingsuit flying pushing the boundaries of the sport.
Top 10 Extreme Sports
- Bull riding is a dangerous sport where riders attempt to stay on a bucking bull for 8 seconds.
- Volcano surfing is a 21st-century extreme sport involving riding down the side of an active volcano.
- Ice climbing involves scaling frozen waterfalls, requiring specialized equipment and skill.
- High lining is a form of slacklining that is done at extremely high altitudes, requiring focus and strength.
- Skateboarding is a popular extreme sport that allows for creative expression and challenging tricks.
- Creaking involves kayaking or canoeing down steep waterfalls, requiring a high level of skill and risk-taking.
- Ice cross downhill is like downhill skiing but on ice skates, with a high risk of injury due to speed and sharp edges.
- Motocross is a motorsports discipline popular with motorcycle enthusiasts, involving riding off-road terrain.
- Free climbing is a form of rock climbing that involves ascending without mechanical aids, relying on the climber's strength and skill.
- Wingsuit flying is a highly dangerous sport where individuals fly through the air using a wingsuit, requiring a parachute for safe landing.
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Description
This quiz explores the significance of the Magna Carta and its role in constitutional government, particularly its impact on individual rights and the rule of law. Additionally, it covers the Hundred Years' War and its effects on feudalism in England and France. Test your knowledge on these pivotal historical events and their lasting influence.