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The Lymphatic System
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The Lymphatic System

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of lymph nodes?

  • To clear out damaged cells and cancer cells (correct)
  • To filter the blood and remove old cells
  • To produce antibodies
  • To store red blood cells and platelets

    • What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

  • To store antibodies
  • To filter the lymph and remove harmful substances
  • To filter the blood and remove old cells (correct)
  • To produce lymphocytes

    • What is the main component of lymph?

  • White blood cells and platelets
  • Damaged cells and cancer cells (correct)
  • Fats and carbohydrates
  • Proteins and minerals

    • What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

    <p>To transport lymph throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting ducts?

    <p>To empty lymph into the subclavian veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tonsils and adenoids?

    <p>To trap pathogens from the air and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of B cells in the immune system?

    <p>To produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasma cells in the immune system?

    <p>To produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a plasma cell?

    <p>To secrete soluble antibodies in response to antigen binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of antibodies that a mature plasma cell can release per second?

    <p>2,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of the innate immune response against pathogens?

    <p>Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?

    <p>Remembering antigens for future defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of natural killer cells?

    <p>To recognize and destroy tumor cells and virally infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of barrier defenses in the immune system?

    <p>To prevent pathogens from entering the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disorder of the lymphatic and immune system?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a bone marrow biopsy in relation to the immune system?

    <p>To examine bone marrow cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is a macrophage?

    <p>Agranulocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Mono test?

    <p>To diagnose infectious mononucleosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>To phagocytose and destroy pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of monocytes in the immune system?

    <p>To differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the RF lab test?

    <p>To measure the level of rheumatoid factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the immune system?

    <p>To indicate inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?

    <p>The innate response is nonspecific, while the adaptive response is specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of flow cytometry in immunology?

    <p>To examine immune cell populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Langerhans cells in the skin?

    <p>To provide a physical barrier against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of immune disorder?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in regards to the immune system?

    <p>To produce and release lymphocytes and other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?

    <p>To fully mature T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

    <p>To monitor and cleanse lymph as it filters through them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lymphatic system in regards to fat absorption?

    <p>To collect fluid from the intestines that contain fats and other large molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bone marrow in the lymphatic system?

    <p>To make white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the lymphatic system collects excess fluid from the body's tissues and returns it to the bloodstream?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymphatic system in maintaining healthy fluid levels in the body?

    <p>To collect excess fluid from the body's tissues and return it to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the lymphatic system and the immune system?

    <p>The lymphatic system is a part of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the lymphatic system's function in filtering out waste products and abnormal cells from the fluid it collects?

    <p>The fluid is cleansed of waste products and abnormal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of granules in Natural Killer cells?

    <p>To release enzymes that can kill tumor cells or virally infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses?

    <p>The primary response is slower and weaker than the secondary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma cells?

    <p>To release antibodies in response to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the series of proteins that enzymatically alter and fragment later proteins in the complement system?

    <p>Cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memory T-cells in the immune system?

    <p>To remember the intruder so that if it returns, the immune system recognizes it and quickly mounts a defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the release of damaged cellular contents into the site of injury?

    <p>The stimulation of the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between B-cells and T-cells?

    <p>B-cells release antibodies in response to antigens, while T-cells fight against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the first exposure to a pathogen, which is characterized by a relatively severe primary disease?

    <p>Primary adaptive response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Lymphatic System

    • The lymphatic system is responsible for carrying excess fluids to the bloodstream, filtering pathogens, and helping with the absorption of fats.
    • It also plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing and releasing lymphocytes and immune cells to protect against invaders.

    Functions of the Lymphatic System

    • Collecting excess fluid from tissues and returning it to the bloodstream, maintaining healthy fluid levels.
    • Helping with the absorption of fats from the intestines.
    • Protecting the body against invaders by producing and releasing immune cells.

    Organs of the Lymphatic System

    • Bone marrow: produces white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
    • Thymus: matures T-cells, helping the body fight off invaders.
    • Lymph nodes: filters lymph and clears out damaged cells and cancer cells.
    • Spleen: filters blood, removing old or damaged cells, and stores red blood cells and platelets.
    • Lymph: a fluid that contains proteins, minerals, fats, and immune cells.
    • Lymphatic vessels: a network of tubes that transport lymph.
    • Collecting ducts: two main ducts in the chest that empty lymph into the bloodstream.
    • Tonsils and adenoids: trap pathogens from food and air, acting as a first line of defense.

    The Immune System

    • A collection of barriers, cells, and proteins that interact and communicate to protect the body against pathogens.
    • Divided into three phases: barrier defenses, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response.

    Lymphocytes

    • B cells: produce antibodies, immature in bone marrow, mature in bone marrow and spleen.
    • T cells: perform various functions in the adaptive immune response, mature in thymus.
    • Plasma cells: B cells that have differentiated in response to antigen binding, producing soluble antibodies.
    • Natural killer cells: part of the innate immune response, containing cytotoxic granules to kill infected cells or tumor cells.

    The Innate Immune Response

    • Provides immediate defense against pathogens, using physical barriers, phagocytes, and soluble factors.
    • Phagocytes: cells that engulf and digest foreign particles and pathogens.
    • Barrier defenses: skin, sweat, saliva, stomach acid, and mucosal surfaces that prevent pathogens from entering the body.

    Cells of the Innate Immune Response

    • Phagocytes: macrophages and neutrophils that engulf and digest pathogens.
    • Macrophages: amoeboid, versatile phagocytes that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses.
    • Neutrophils: spherical phagocytes that are attracted to infected tissues via chemotaxis.

    The Adaptive Immune Response

    • Provides specific recognition and response to pathogens, using antigens to stimulate an immune response.
    • Divided into primary and secondary adaptive responses.
    • Primary adaptive response: first exposure to a pathogen, often resulting in severe symptoms.
    • Secondary adaptive response: re-exposure to the same pathogen, resulting in a stronger and faster immune response.

    T Cells and B Cells

    • T cells: key fighters in the adaptive immune system, with each T-cell designed to fight a specific intruder.
    • Effector cells: T-cells that join the fight against an intruder, producing more T-cells to defeat the pathogen.
    • Memory cells: T-cells that remember the intruder, providing long-term immunity.
    • B cells: produce antibodies in response to antigens, with plasma cells releasing antibodies and memory cells remembering antigens.

    Disorders of the Lymphatic and Immune System

    • Hodgkin disease, infection mononucleosis, lymphangitis, lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, HIV, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes.

    Lab Tests

    • Bone marrow biopsy, CBC, microbiology cultures, lymph node biopsy, mono test, RF, C-reactive protein, complement (C3, C4), specific antibody tests, and flow cytometry.

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    Description

    Learn about the lymphatic system, its functions, and its relation to the immune system. Understand how it filters pathogens and transports lymphocytes.

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