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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of lymph nodes?
What is the main function of lymph nodes?
What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?
What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?
What is the main component of lymph?
What is the main component of lymph?
What is the function of lymphatic vessels?
What is the function of lymphatic vessels?
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What is the purpose of collecting ducts?
What is the purpose of collecting ducts?
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What is the function of tonsils and adenoids?
What is the function of tonsils and adenoids?
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What is the role of B cells in the immune system?
What is the role of B cells in the immune system?
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What is the function of T cells in the immune system?
What is the function of T cells in the immune system?
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What is the function of plasma cells in the immune system?
What is the function of plasma cells in the immune system?
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What is the primary function of a plasma cell?
What is the primary function of a plasma cell?
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What is the maximum number of antibodies that a mature plasma cell can release per second?
What is the maximum number of antibodies that a mature plasma cell can release per second?
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What is the primary mechanism of the innate immune response against pathogens?
What is the primary mechanism of the innate immune response against pathogens?
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What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
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What is the primary function of natural killer cells?
What is the primary function of natural killer cells?
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What is the primary role of barrier defenses in the immune system?
What is the primary role of barrier defenses in the immune system?
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Which of the following is NOT a disorder of the lymphatic and immune system?
Which of the following is NOT a disorder of the lymphatic and immune system?
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What is the primary purpose of a bone marrow biopsy in relation to the immune system?
What is the primary purpose of a bone marrow biopsy in relation to the immune system?
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What type of cell is a macrophage?
What type of cell is a macrophage?
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What is the primary function of the Mono test?
What is the primary function of the Mono test?
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What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune system?
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune system?
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What is the primary role of monocytes in the immune system?
What is the primary role of monocytes in the immune system?
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What is the primary purpose of the RF lab test?
What is the primary purpose of the RF lab test?
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What is the primary function of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the immune system?
What is the primary function of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the immune system?
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What is the key difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?
What is the key difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?
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What is the primary purpose of flow cytometry in immunology?
What is the primary purpose of flow cytometry in immunology?
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What is the primary function of Langerhans cells in the skin?
What is the primary function of Langerhans cells in the skin?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of immune disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a type of immune disorder?
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What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in regards to the immune system?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in regards to the immune system?
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What is the primary function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?
What is the primary function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?
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What is the role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?
What is the role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?
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What is the function of the lymphatic system in regards to fat absorption?
What is the function of the lymphatic system in regards to fat absorption?
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What is the function of the bone marrow in the lymphatic system?
What is the function of the bone marrow in the lymphatic system?
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What is the process by which the lymphatic system collects excess fluid from the body's tissues and returns it to the bloodstream?
What is the process by which the lymphatic system collects excess fluid from the body's tissues and returns it to the bloodstream?
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What is the role of the lymphatic system in maintaining healthy fluid levels in the body?
What is the role of the lymphatic system in maintaining healthy fluid levels in the body?
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What is the relationship between the lymphatic system and the immune system?
What is the relationship between the lymphatic system and the immune system?
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What is the result of the lymphatic system's function in filtering out waste products and abnormal cells from the fluid it collects?
What is the result of the lymphatic system's function in filtering out waste products and abnormal cells from the fluid it collects?
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What is the primary function of granules in Natural Killer cells?
What is the primary function of granules in Natural Killer cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?
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What is the main difference between the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses?
What is the main difference between the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses?
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What is the primary function of plasma cells?
What is the primary function of plasma cells?
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What is the term used to describe the series of proteins that enzymatically alter and fragment later proteins in the complement system?
What is the term used to describe the series of proteins that enzymatically alter and fragment later proteins in the complement system?
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What is the role of memory T-cells in the immune system?
What is the role of memory T-cells in the immune system?
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What is the result of the release of damaged cellular contents into the site of injury?
What is the result of the release of damaged cellular contents into the site of injury?
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What is the main difference between B-cells and T-cells?
What is the main difference between B-cells and T-cells?
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What is the term used to describe the first exposure to a pathogen, which is characterized by a relatively severe primary disease?
What is the term used to describe the first exposure to a pathogen, which is characterized by a relatively severe primary disease?
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Study Notes
The Lymphatic System
- The lymphatic system is responsible for carrying excess fluids to the bloodstream, filtering pathogens, and helping with the absorption of fats.
- It also plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing and releasing lymphocytes and immune cells to protect against invaders.
Functions of the Lymphatic System
- Collecting excess fluid from tissues and returning it to the bloodstream, maintaining healthy fluid levels.
- Helping with the absorption of fats from the intestines.
- Protecting the body against invaders by producing and releasing immune cells.
Organs of the Lymphatic System
- Bone marrow: produces white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
- Thymus: matures T-cells, helping the body fight off invaders.
- Lymph nodes: filters lymph and clears out damaged cells and cancer cells.
- Spleen: filters blood, removing old or damaged cells, and stores red blood cells and platelets.
- Lymph: a fluid that contains proteins, minerals, fats, and immune cells.
- Lymphatic vessels: a network of tubes that transport lymph.
- Collecting ducts: two main ducts in the chest that empty lymph into the bloodstream.
- Tonsils and adenoids: trap pathogens from food and air, acting as a first line of defense.
The Immune System
- A collection of barriers, cells, and proteins that interact and communicate to protect the body against pathogens.
- Divided into three phases: barrier defenses, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response.
Lymphocytes
- B cells: produce antibodies, immature in bone marrow, mature in bone marrow and spleen.
- T cells: perform various functions in the adaptive immune response, mature in thymus.
- Plasma cells: B cells that have differentiated in response to antigen binding, producing soluble antibodies.
- Natural killer cells: part of the innate immune response, containing cytotoxic granules to kill infected cells or tumor cells.
The Innate Immune Response
- Provides immediate defense against pathogens, using physical barriers, phagocytes, and soluble factors.
- Phagocytes: cells that engulf and digest foreign particles and pathogens.
- Barrier defenses: skin, sweat, saliva, stomach acid, and mucosal surfaces that prevent pathogens from entering the body.
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
- Phagocytes: macrophages and neutrophils that engulf and digest pathogens.
- Macrophages: amoeboid, versatile phagocytes that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses.
- Neutrophils: spherical phagocytes that are attracted to infected tissues via chemotaxis.
The Adaptive Immune Response
- Provides specific recognition and response to pathogens, using antigens to stimulate an immune response.
- Divided into primary and secondary adaptive responses.
- Primary adaptive response: first exposure to a pathogen, often resulting in severe symptoms.
- Secondary adaptive response: re-exposure to the same pathogen, resulting in a stronger and faster immune response.
T Cells and B Cells
- T cells: key fighters in the adaptive immune system, with each T-cell designed to fight a specific intruder.
- Effector cells: T-cells that join the fight against an intruder, producing more T-cells to defeat the pathogen.
- Memory cells: T-cells that remember the intruder, providing long-term immunity.
- B cells: produce antibodies in response to antigens, with plasma cells releasing antibodies and memory cells remembering antigens.
Disorders of the Lymphatic and Immune System
- Hodgkin disease, infection mononucleosis, lymphangitis, lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, HIV, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes.
Lab Tests
- Bone marrow biopsy, CBC, microbiology cultures, lymph node biopsy, mono test, RF, C-reactive protein, complement (C3, C4), specific antibody tests, and flow cytometry.
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Description
Learn about the lymphatic system, its functions, and its relation to the immune system. Understand how it filters pathogens and transports lymphocytes.