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Questions and Answers
What are the two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system?
What are the two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system?
- Blood vessels and lymph nodes
- Lymphoid tissues and dietary lipids
- Lymphocytes and lymph nodes
- Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs (correct)
What is one of the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is one of the functions of the lymphatic system?
- Transports carbon dioxide out of the body
- Transports oxygen to the body
- Transports glucose to the cells
- Transports escaped fluids back to the blood (correct)
What essential role does the lymphatic system play in the body?
What essential role does the lymphatic system play in the body?
- Body defense and resistance to disease (correct)
- Production of red blood cells
- Digestion of food
- Regulation of body temperature
What is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
What is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
How does the lymphatic system contribute to body defense and disease resistance?
How does the lymphatic system contribute to body defense and disease resistance?
What does the lymphatic system transport to the blood?
What does the lymphatic system transport to the blood?
What is carried by lymphatic vessels?
What is carried by lymphatic vessels?
What occurs if fluids are not picked up by lymphatic vessels?
What occurs if fluids are not picked up by lymphatic vessels?
What do lymphatic vessels do with the excess fluid they pick up?
What do lymphatic vessels do with the excess fluid they pick up?
What type of system do lymphatic vessels form?
What type of system do lymphatic vessels form?
What is the direction of flow in lymphatic vessels?
What is the direction of flow in lymphatic vessels?
What anchors lymph capillaries to connective tissue?
What anchors lymph capillaries to connective tissue?
How are flaplike minivalves formed in lymph capillaries?
How are flaplike minivalves formed in lymph capillaries?
What causes the closure of minivalves in lymph capillaries?
What causes the closure of minivalves in lymph capillaries?
What happens to the fluid in lymph capillaries?
What happens to the fluid in lymph capillaries?
How is the fluid forced along the lymphatic vessel?
How is the fluid forced along the lymphatic vessel?
What is the function of the right lymphatic duct?
What is the function of the right lymphatic duct?
Where does the thoracic/left lymphatic duct drain lymph from?
Where does the thoracic/left lymphatic duct drain lymph from?
What drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax?
What drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax?
Where do capillaries carry lymph to and away from?
Where do capillaries carry lymph to and away from?
What returns fluid to circulatory veins near the heart?
What returns fluid to circulatory veins near the heart?
What is a characteristic of lymphatic vessels?
What is a characteristic of lymphatic vessels?
How is lymph transported in the lymphatic vessels aided?
How is lymph transported in the lymphatic vessels aided?
What is a feature of larger lymphatic vessels?
What is a feature of larger lymphatic vessels?
What is one of the harmful materials filtered by lymph nodes?
What is one of the harmful materials filtered by lymph nodes?
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
What is the function of macrophages within lymph nodes?
What is the function of macrophages within lymph nodes?
Which cells respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic system?
Which cells respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic system?
What do lymph nodes contain for defense within the lymphatic system?
What do lymph nodes contain for defense within the lymphatic system?
What is the primary function of the cortex of lymph nodes?
What is the primary function of the cortex of lymph nodes?
Where are lymph nodes typically buried?
Where are lymph nodes typically buried?
What is the role of germinal centers in the medulla of lymph nodes?
What is the role of germinal centers in the medulla of lymph nodes?
What is the primary function of the medulla in lymph nodes (non-specific)?
What is the primary function of the medulla in lymph nodes (non-specific)?
What is the main component of the inner part of lymph nodes?
What is the main component of the inner part of lymph nodes?
What type of cells are found in the medulla of lymph nodes?
What type of cells are found in the medulla of lymph nodes?
How does lymph exit the lymph nodes?
How does lymph exit the lymph nodes?
In which direction does lymph flow through the lymph nodes?
In which direction does lymph flow through the lymph nodes?
Why is the flow of lymph slowed within the lymph nodes?
Why is the flow of lymph slowed within the lymph nodes?
Through which vessels does lymph enter the convex side of the lymph nodes?
Through which vessels does lymph enter the convex side of the lymph nodes?
What are the organs of the lymphatic system?
What are the organs of the lymphatic system?
Where is the spleen located?
Where is the spleen located?
What is the function of the spleen?
What is the function of the spleen?
What does the spleen do in the fetus?
What does the spleen do in the fetus?
Where is the thymus gland located?
Where is the thymus gland located?
At what stage does the thymus gland function at peak levels?
At what stage does the thymus gland function at peak levels?
What does the thymus gland produce to program lymphocytes?
What does the thymus gland produce to program lymphocytes?
What is the primary function of tonsils?
What is the primary function of tonsils?
Where are tonsils located in the body?
Where are tonsils located in the body?
What causes tonsillitis?
What causes tonsillitis?
Where are Peyer’s Patches found?
Where are Peyer’s Patches found?
What is the function of Peyer’s Patches?
What is the function of Peyer’s Patches?
How do Peyer’s Patches resemble tonsils?
How do Peyer’s Patches resemble tonsils?
Which of the following is considered part of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?
Which of the following is considered part of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?
What is the primary function of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?
What is the primary function of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?
What role does Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) play in the body's defense system?
What role does Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) play in the body's defense system?
What are the two defense systems for foreign materials that form the immune system?
What are the two defense systems for foreign materials that form the immune system?
What is immunity?
What is immunity?
What is the body constantly in contact with?
What is the body constantly in contact with?
Which defense system protects against a variety of invaders and responds immediately to foreign materials?
Which defense system protects against a variety of invaders and responds immediately to foreign materials?
Which defense system requires specific defense for each type of invader?
Which defense system requires specific defense for each type of invader?
Which defense system is the first line of defense and is nonspecific in nature?
Which defense system is the first line of defense and is nonspecific in nature?
What is the primary function of surface membrane barriers in the immune system?
What is the primary function of surface membrane barriers in the immune system?
What role does the acidic pH of the skin play in the immune system's defense?
What role does the acidic pH of the skin play in the immune system's defense?
How do vaginal secretions contribute to the immune system's defense?
How do vaginal secretions contribute to the immune system's defense?
What is the function of saliva and lacrimal fluid in the immune system?
What is the function of saliva and lacrimal fluid in the immune system?
What is the role of stomach mucosa in the immune system?
What is the role of stomach mucosa in the immune system?
What is the function of mucus in the immune system?
What is the function of mucus in the immune system?
Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense in the immune system?
Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense in the immune system?
What is the primary function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
What is the primary function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
Which chemical released by Natural Killer (NK) cells targets the cell's membrane and nucleus, causing disintegration?
Which chemical released by Natural Killer (NK) cells targets the cell's membrane and nucleus, causing disintegration?
What is the mechanism through which Natural Killer (NK) cells cause disintegration of target cells?
What is the mechanism through which Natural Killer (NK) cells cause disintegration of target cells?
What are the four most common indicators of acute inflammation?
What are the four most common indicators of acute inflammation?
When is the inflammatory response triggered?
When is the inflammatory response triggered?
What triggers the inflammatory response?
What triggers the inflammatory response?
What is one of the functions of the inflammatory response?
What is one of the functions of the inflammatory response?
What is the primary process through which inflammatory response disposes of cell debris and pathogens?
What is the primary process through which inflammatory response disposes of cell debris and pathogens?
What does the inflammatory response set the stage for?
What does the inflammatory response set the stage for?
What is the process by which neutrophils migrate to the area of inflammation?
What is the process by which neutrophils migrate to the area of inflammation?
What is the term for the process by which neutrophils consume any foreign material present at the site of tissue injury?
What is the term for the process by which neutrophils consume any foreign material present at the site of tissue injury?
What is the term for the process by which neutrophils squeeze through the capillary walls to reach the sites of inflammation?
What is the term for the process by which neutrophils squeeze through the capillary walls to reach the sites of inflammation?
What is the primary function of phagocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages in the immune system?
What is the primary function of phagocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages in the immune system?
What happens when a vacuole containing foreign material is fused with a lysosome in a phagocyte?
What happens when a vacuole containing foreign material is fused with a lysosome in a phagocyte?
Which cells are responsible for engulfing foreign material into a vacuole in the immune system?
Which cells are responsible for engulfing foreign material into a vacuole in the immune system?
What is the primary function of antimicrobial proteins in enhancing innate defenses?
What is the primary function of antimicrobial proteins in enhancing innate defenses?
Which proteins are considered the most important types of antimicrobial proteins?
Which proteins are considered the most important types of antimicrobial proteins?
How do antimicrobial proteins hinder the reproduction of microorganisms?
How do antimicrobial proteins hinder the reproduction of microorganisms?
What is complement fixation in relation to complement proteins?
What is complement fixation in relation to complement proteins?
What is the result of complement fixation?
What is the result of complement fixation?
What is the role of membrane attack complexes (MACs) produced as a result of complement fixation?
What is the role of membrane attack complexes (MACs) produced as a result of complement fixation?
What is the primary function of interferons?
What is the primary function of interferons?
Where do interferons bind in healthy cells?
Where do interferons bind in healthy cells?
What secretes interferons?
What secretes interferons?
What is the primary cause of abnormally high body temperature as a systemic response to invasion by microorganisms?
What is the primary cause of abnormally high body temperature as a systemic response to invasion by microorganisms?
How does fever inhibit the release of iron and zinc, which are needed by bacteria?
How does fever inhibit the release of iron and zinc, which are needed by bacteria?
What is the role of pyrogens in the context of fever?
What is the role of pyrogens in the context of fever?
What is the study of immunity called?
What is the study of immunity called?
What are proteins that protect from pathogens called?
What are proteins that protect from pathogens called?
What is the body’s specific defense system also known as?
What is the body’s specific defense system also known as?
What is a key aspect of adaptive defense?
What is a key aspect of adaptive defense?
What characterizes the systemic aspect of adaptive defense?
What characterizes the systemic aspect of adaptive defense?
What does the memory aspect of adaptive defense involve?
What does the memory aspect of adaptive defense involve?
What is the primary target of cellular immunity?
What is the primary target of cellular immunity?
What is the main characteristic of humoral immunity?
What is the main characteristic of humoral immunity?
What does adaptive body defense refer to?
What does adaptive body defense refer to?
Which of the following is an example of a common antigen?
Which of the following is an example of a common antigen?
What type of substance is capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response?
What type of substance is capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response?
What characterizes the adaptive defense aspect of memory?
What characterizes the adaptive defense aspect of memory?
What defines the systemic aspect of adaptive defense?
What defines the systemic aspect of adaptive defense?
Why do our immune cells not attack our own proteins?
Why do our immune cells not attack our own proteins?
What triggers an immune response when present in another person’s body?
What triggers an immune response when present in another person’s body?
Why can the presence of our cells in another person’s body restrict donors for transplants?
Why can the presence of our cells in another person’s body restrict donors for transplants?
What is the primary reason the presence of our cells in another person’s body can restrict donors for transplants?
What is the primary reason the presence of our cells in another person’s body can restrict donors for transplants?
What are the crucial cells of the adaptive defense system?
What are the crucial cells of the adaptive defense system?
Which cells help the lymphocytes but do not respond to specific antigens?
Which cells help the lymphocytes but do not respond to specific antigens?
Where do T cells develop immunocompetence?
Where do T cells develop immunocompetence?
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?
Where do lymphocytes arise from hemocytoblasts?
Where do lymphocytes arise from hemocytoblasts?
What activates B lymphocytes to undergo clonal selection in the humoral immune response?
What activates B lymphocytes to undergo clonal selection in the humoral immune response?
What is the result of clonal selection in the humoral immune response?
What is the result of clonal selection in the humoral immune response?
What is the primary characteristic of the primary humoral response in the immune system?
What is the primary characteristic of the primary humoral response in the immune system?
What is the primary function of most B cells in the humoral immune response?
What is the primary function of most B cells in the humoral immune response?
What is the role of long-lived memory cells in the humoral immune response?
What is the role of long-lived memory cells in the humoral immune response?
What is the primary function of most B cells in the humoral immune response?
What is the primary function of most B cells in the humoral immune response?
How long does the activity of plasma cells typically last?
How long does the activity of plasma cells typically last?
What is the main function of antibodies produced by plasma cells?
What is the main function of antibodies produced by plasma cells?
What is active immunity?
What is active immunity?
When does active immunity occur?
When does active immunity occur?
How is active immunity acquired?
How is active immunity acquired?
What is passive immunity?
What is passive immunity?
What does passive immunity lack compared to active immunity?
What does passive immunity lack compared to active immunity?
How is passive immunity artificially acquired?
How is passive immunity artificially acquired?
What is a primary example of the uses for monoclonal antibodies?
What is a primary example of the uses for monoclonal antibodies?
From where are monoclonal antibodies produced?
From where are monoclonal antibodies produced?
What are monoclonal antibodies primarily prepared for clinical testing for?
What are monoclonal antibodies primarily prepared for clinical testing for?
What are antibodies?
What are antibodies?
Where are antibodies carried?
Where are antibodies carried?
What is the capability of antibodies?
What is the capability of antibodies?
What is the primary function of cytotoxic (killer) T cells?
What is the primary function of cytotoxic (killer) T cells?
What do T cell clones primarily refer to?
What do T cell clones primarily refer to?
Which type of immune response do T cell clones primarily contribute to?
Which type of immune response do T cell clones primarily contribute to?
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the cellular immune response?
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the cellular immune response?
Which type of tissue graft is most commonly used?
Which type of tissue graft is most commonly used?
From which source are xenografts obtained?
From which source are xenografts obtained?
What is the term for tissue transplanted from one site to another on the same person?
What is the term for tissue transplanted from one site to another on the same person?
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